Telehealth Anxiety Prescribing: What Psychiatric NPs Can Do in Texas

You’re a psychiatrist or PMHNP who knows anxiety disorders inside and out. You can diagnose GAD in your sleep, you’ve titrated a thousand SSRIs, and you’ve had the benzodiazepine conversation more times than you can count. But here’s the question that keeps coming up: Can you do all of this via telehealth? Can you prescribe anxiety meds—including controlled substances—without ever seeing the patient in person?

The short answer in 2026: Yes, absolutely. But like everything in healthcare, the devil’s in the details—and those details vary by your license type, your state, and whether you’re treating Medicare patients.

Let’s cut through the noise and talk about what you can actually do, what the rules are, and how telehealth has opened up a massive opportunity for providers willing to treat anxiety remotely.

The Federal Rules: You Can Prescribe Controlled Substances via Telehealth (For Now)

Here’s the big one: As of February 2026, you can prescribe controlled substances for anxiety via telehealth without requiring an initial in-person visit. This includes Schedule IV benzodiazepines like alprazolam (Xanax), lorazepam (Ativan), and clonazepam (Klonopin).

This wasn’t always the case. Pre-COVID, the Ryan Haight Act required at least one in-person exam before prescribing any controlled medication. Then the pandemic hit, and the DEA suspended that requirement to keep patients from losing access to care. In 2024, when those temporary flexibilities were about to expire, the DEA and HHS extended them through December 2026.

Why does this matter? Because in 2024 alone, over 7 million controlled substance prescriptions for conditions like anxiety and ADHD were written via telemedicine. The government realized that yanking telehealth prescribing authority would create a healthcare cliff—patients would lose access overnight, providers would scramble to see everyone in person, and wait times would explode.

What’s coming: The DEA is working on permanent rules (expected late 2026) that will likely introduce a special telemedicine prescribing registration or some guardrails around controlled substance prescribing. But for now, if you’re licensed in a state and have a DEA registration there, you can prescribe benzodiazepines and other anxiety meds via video visit just like you would in person.

The catch: You still need to meet the standard of care. That means a proper psychiatric evaluation (history, symptoms, differential diagnosis, risk assessment), documentation that supports your prescribing decision, and checking your state’s prescription drug monitoring program (PDMP) before writing for controlled substances. The telehealth part doesn’t change your clinical responsibilities—it just changes where the patient is sitting.

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State Rules: Where It Gets Interesting

Federal law sets the floor, but states can add their own requirements. Here’s what you need to know if you’re practicing in—or considering practicing in—one of the major telehealth markets:

Florida: Psychiatric Treatment Gets a Carve-Out

Florida is one of the stricter states when it comes to telehealth prescribing of controlled substances. In general, Florida prohibits prescribing Schedule II drugs via telehealth. But here’s the exception that matters for you: psychiatric treatment is explicitly exempt.

If you’re treating anxiety (or ADHD, depression, etc.), you can prescribe controlled medications via telehealth in Florida—even Schedule II stimulants if you’re managing comorbid ADHD. Benzodiazepines (Schedule IV) don’t fall under the Schedule II ban anyway, so those are fair game for telehealth anxiety management.

One important note: Florida offers an out-of-state telehealth provider registration that lets you treat Florida patients remotely without getting a full Florida license. Sounds great, right? Except you cannot prescribe controlled substances if you’re only registered (not fully licensed). So if you want to manage anxiety with benzodiazepines in Florida via telehealth, you need a full Florida medical license and DEA registration.

Florida also requires you to check the state PDMP (E-FORCSE) before prescribing any controlled substance—no exceptions.

Texas: Yes to Anxiety Meds, No to Chronic Pain

Texas law is clear: you can establish a patient relationship via live video and prescribe medications, including controlled substances, for psychiatric conditions. What you can’t do via telehealth in Texas is treat chronic pain with controlled drugs.

For anxiety treatment, this distinction matters: anxiety disorders are psychiatric conditions, not chronic pain syndromes. So prescribing benzodiazepines for panic disorder or GAD via telehealth? Perfectly legal. Prescribing opioids for chronic pain via telehealth? Not allowed.

Texas also requires a valid patient-practitioner relationship (established via audio-video consultation) and checking the Texas PMP before prescribing controlled substances. There’s no telehealth-specific quantity limit for psychiatrists—unlike some states that cap telehealth controlled substance prescriptions at a certain number of days.

Texas participates in the Interstate Medical Licensure Compact (IMLC), which makes it easier for psychiatrists to get licensed in multiple states if you want to expand your telehealth practice beyond Texas.

California: Telehealth Freedom, But License Complexity

California doesn’t restrict telehealth prescribing of controlled substances beyond federal requirements. If you can do it in person in California, you can do it via telehealth.

The complexity in California is around getting licensed in the first place. California does not participate in the IMLC, so if you’re an out-of-state psychiatrist wanting to treat California patients, you need to go through California’s full medical licensing process (which can take months). Once you’re licensed, though, you have full prescribing authority via telehealth.

California has strong telehealth payment parity laws (AB 744), so private insurers have to reimburse you the same for telehealth visits as they would for in-person—no financial penalty for practicing virtually.

New York: Full Practice Authority and Telehealth Parity

New York has integrated telehealth into standard practice with minimal restrictions. Psychiatrists can prescribe anxiety medications (including controlled substances) via telehealth just as they would in person.

One quirk: New York has one of the strictest PDMP mandates in the country. You must check the iSTOP PDMP for every single controlled substance prescription—even refills of benzodiazepines for established patients. It’s not optional, and there are very few exceptions.

For Medicare patients in New York (and everywhere else), be aware that there was a federal requirement introduced in 2021 requiring an in-person visit within 6 months to continue receiving tele-mental health services. Enforcement of this rule has been repeatedly delayed, most recently through late 2024 and likely into 2025. It’s worth monitoring, but for now, you can continue treating Medicare anxiety patients via telehealth without periodic in-person visits.

Pennsylvania and Illinois: Standard Rules, No Special Barriers

Both Pennsylvania and Illinois allow telehealth prescribing of anxiety medications without state-specific restrictions beyond federal law. You need to check the state PDMP (Pennsylvania’s ABC-MAP, Illinois’ PMP) before prescribing controlled substances, and you need to document that the encounter was conducted via telehealth with appropriate patient consent.

Illinois has strong telehealth parity laws and Medicaid coverage for tele-mental health, making it a provider-friendly state for virtual practice. Pennsylvania doesn’t have comprehensive telehealth statutes, but insurers generally cover and reimburse telepsychiatry at reasonable rates.

What About PMHNPs? The Prescribing Authority Gap

Here’s where things get more complicated. If you’re a Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner (PMHNP), your ability to prescribe anxiety medications via telehealth depends heavily on your state’s scope of practice laws.

Full Practice Authority States: You’re on Equal Footing

In states with Full Practice Authority (FPA) for nurse practitioners, PMHNPs can evaluate, diagnose, and prescribe medications—including controlled substances—completely independently. No physician oversight required.

New York is a great example. As of 2022, New York granted full independence to all NPs. A PMHNP in New York can open their own practice, manage anxiety patients via telehealth, and prescribe benzodiazepines or SSRIs without any collaborative agreement with a psychiatrist. From a prescribing standpoint, you’re functionally equivalent to a psychiatrist (though Medicare reimburses NPs at 85% of physician rates, which we’ll get to).

Other FPA states include Arizona, Oregon, Washington, and about 20 others. If you’re practicing in one of these states, your telehealth prescribing authority for anxiety meds is essentially the same as an MD’s.

Restricted States: You Need a Collaborating Physician

In states that require physician collaboration or supervision for NP practice, things get messier.

Texas is one of the most restrictive. PMHNPs must have a Prescriptive Authority Agreement with a Texas physician to prescribe any medication. You can prescribe benzodiazepines (Schedule IV) for anxiety if your agreement allows it, but you cannot prescribe Schedule II stimulants outside of hospital settings—even for comorbid ADHD.

In Texas, the collaborating physician doesn’t need to co-sign every prescription, but they must supervise with periodic chart reviews and be available for consultation. You also need a DEA registration under your own name, and your prescribing is limited to what’s outlined in your agreement.

Pennsylvania is similar: PMHNPs must have a collaborative agreement with a physician, and that physician must review a percentage of your charts (100% for new patients, 100% for Schedule II prescriptions within 24 hours). The physician doesn’t need to be physically present, but they need to be engaged and reviewing your work.

Florida requires PMHNPs to practice under a written protocol with a physician. The state carved out some independence for primary care NPs in 2020, but psychiatric NPs were excluded—you still need that supervising physician relationship. Florida also limits NP prescriptions of controlled substances to a 7-day supply unless you’re a psychiatric NP prescribing psych meds for a mental health condition (which you are). So you can prescribe more than 7 days of Xanax for anxiety, but the protocol and oversight still apply.

California’s Transition: 103 NPs and 104 NPs

California is mid-transition from restricted to independent practice for NPs. Under AB 890 (effective 2023), experienced NPs can become 103 NPs and practice without physician-supervised standardized procedures in certain group settings. After three years of good practice as a 103 NP, they can apply to become a 104 NP starting in 2026, which allows full independent practice—including prescribing—outside of group settings.

If you’re a PMHNP in California who’s been practicing for a few years and meets the requirements, you could achieve full prescriptive independence by late 2026. Until then, you’re still operating under physician agreements.

Illinois: A Path to Independence

Illinois offers a middle ground. New PMHNPs need a collaborative agreement with a physician to prescribe. But after completing 4,000 hours of clinical practice and 250 hours of continuing education, you can apply for Full Practice Authority.

One quirk: even with FPA in Illinois, you need a one-time physician attestation to prescribe benzodiazepines or Schedule II controlled substances. It’s not ongoing supervision—just a formal acknowledgment that you’ll be prescribing those classes. After that, you’re good to go.

The Bottom Line for PMHNPs

If you’re in a full practice state, your telehealth prescribing authority for anxiety is robust. If you’re in a restricted state, you’ll need to navigate collaboration agreements, and some classes of medications (especially Schedule II) may require additional physician involvement.

The good news: many telehealth platforms (including Klarity) handle the compliance side of this. They credential you appropriately, ensure collaborative agreements are in place where needed, and match you with patients in states where you’re authorized to practice.

Reimbursement: What You’ll Actually Get Paid

Let’s talk money. You can prescribe anxiety meds via telehealth, but what does it pay?

Medicare: Surprisingly Good Rates

Medicare reimburses psychiatric medication management at solid rates, especially for the time involved:

• Initial evaluation (90792): ~$202 for a psychiatric diagnostic evaluation with medication management
• 15-minute med check (99213): ~$95
• 25-minute follow-up (99214): ~$136
• Add-on therapy (90833, 30 minutes): ~$81 on top of the E/M visit

These are 2026 national average rates. They vary slightly by geographic region, but they’re in the ballpark.

Medicare also maintains telehealth payment parity for mental health services—meaning you get paid the same whether the visit is in-person or virtual. This parity has been extended multiple times and is currently set through at least late 2025, likely into 2026.

One caveat: Medicare had introduced a requirement that tele-mental health patients need an in-person visit within 6 months (and annually thereafter) to continue receiving telehealth services. Enforcement of this rule has been repeatedly delayed by Congress, most recently through December 2024 and possibly into 2025. If it eventually goes into effect, you may need to arrange periodic in-person visits for your Medicare anxiety patients—but for now, you can continue pure-telehealth treatment.

Medicaid: Lower Rates, Higher Volume Potential

Medicaid pays significantly less than Medicare—typically about 50-60% of Medicare rates. For example:

• 90792 initial eval: ~$85 (vs $202 Medicare)
• 99213 med check: ~$40-50 (vs $95 Medicare)

The low rates are a barrier for many psychiatrists, which is why Medicaid patients often struggle to find providers. However, if you’re willing to see Medicaid patients and can manage volume efficiently (which telehealth makes easier), the math can work.

Most states now cover telehealth for mental health services through Medicaid at the same rate as in-person, and many have made those policies permanent post-COVID.

Private Insurance: Variable but Generally Reasonable

Private insurers typically pay 100-150% of Medicare rates, depending on your contract and region. A 15-minute anxiety med check might reimburse at $100-$120 from a commercial plan.

Many states have enacted telehealth parity laws requiring private insurers to cover and reimburse telehealth mental health services at the same rate as in-person. California (AB 744), Illinois, and New York have strong parity laws. Texas does not require parity by statute, but many insurers voluntarily reimburse telepsychiatry at in-person rates.

PMHNP Reimbursement: The 85% Rule

If you’re a PMHNP billing under your own NPI, Medicare reimburses at 85% of the physician fee schedule for the same service. So where a psychiatrist gets $95 for a 99213, you’d get about $81.

Some private insurers follow Medicare’s lead and pay NPs at 85-90% of physician rates. Others have negotiated contracts that pay the same. Medicaid varies by state—some states pay NPs at full physician rates, others at 90%.

This pay differential is one reason some practices have NPs bill under a supervising physician’s NPI using ‘incident to’ billing (which pays 100% of the physician rate). However, incident-to billing has strict requirements (physician must be on-site, patient must be established with a physician treatment plan) and is generally not feasible for telepsychiatry or independent NP practice.

What This Means Practically

A psychiatrist doing medication management via telehealth can expect to earn solid per-visit revenue with low overhead (no office rent, minimal staff). A typical schedule might involve seeing 4-5 patients per hour (mix of 15-minute follow-ups and longer new patient evals), generating $300-500/hour in billings.

The key is volume and efficiency—which telehealth enables by eliminating commute time, allowing flexible scheduling, and reducing no-shows (patients are more likely to show up when they don’t have to drive to an office).

The Economics of Patient Acquisition: Why Platforms Make Sense

Here’s the thing most providers don’t talk about: acquiring psychiatric patients through traditional marketing is expensive and time-consuming.

If you’re trying to build a practice from scratch—whether in-person or telehealth—you’re looking at:

• SEO: Takes 6-12 months of consistent investment (content, technical optimization, link building) before you see meaningful patient flow. Most solo providers don’t have the expertise or patience for this.

• Google Ads: Mental health keywords cost $15-40+ per click. Most clicks don’t convert to booked patients. A realistic cost per booked patient through PPC is $200-400+ when you factor in ad spend, landing page optimization, and lead nurturing.

• Directory listings (Psychology Today, Zocdoc): Monthly subscription fees plus you’re competing with hundreds of other providers on the same page. Zocdoc charges per booking ($35-100+) on top of the monthly subscription.

• Total all-in cost: When you factor in agency fees, staff time to handle and qualify leads, no-show rates from cold leads, and months of testing and optimization before finding what works, you’re easily spending $200-500+ to acquire each qualified psychiatric patient through DIY marketing.

And that’s assuming you have the budget, expertise, and patience to run effective campaigns. Most providers don’t.

Enter telehealth platforms like Klarity Health. Instead of spending thousands per month on marketing with uncertain results, you pay only when a qualified patient books with you. Klarity uses a pay-per-appointment model (similar to Zocdoc’s booking fee structure) where providers pay a standard listing fee per new patient lead.

The value proposition:

• No upfront marketing spend or monthly subscription fees
• Pre-qualified patients already matched to your specialty and availability
• No wasted ad spend on clicks that don’t convert
• Built-in telehealth infrastructure (no need to pay for a separate platform)
• Both insurance and cash-pay patient flow
• You control your schedule—only pay when you see patients

Instead of gambling $3,000-5,000/month on marketing channels that might not work, you pay only when a patient shows up. That’s guaranteed ROI.

DIY marketing can eventually be cost-effective if you have the budget, expertise, and patience—but for most providers, especially those starting out or scaling, a platform that handles patient acquisition removes the risk entirely.

Practical Considerations: What You Need to Know Before Starting

Licensing and Multi-State Practice

To practice telehealth, you need to be fully licensed in the state where the patient is located at the time of the visit. A patient in Florida requires you to have a Florida medical license, even if you’re sitting in California during the video call.

This creates a barrier: getting licensed in multiple states is time-consuming and expensive ($500-2,000 per state, plus ongoing renewal fees and CME requirements).

The Interstate Medical Licensure Compact (IMLC) helps. If you’re licensed in an IMLC state and want to practice in other IMLC states, you can use a streamlined application process. As of 2026, about 40 states participate, including Texas, Illinois, and Pennsylvania. California, New York, and Florida do not participate, which means getting licensed in those states requires the full traditional process.

For PMHNPs, there’s the Nurse Licensure Compact (NLC), which allows multi-state practice for nurses in participating states. However, prescriptive authority often requires additional state-specific authorization even if you hold a compact license.

PDMP Requirements: Non-Negotiable

Every state requires you to check the Prescription Drug Monitoring Program (PDMP) before prescribing controlled substances. This is non-negotiable for anxiety medications like benzodiazepines.

Some states (like New York) require a PDMP check for every controlled substance prescription, including refills. Others require it before initiating treatment and periodically thereafter (e.g., every 90 days in Illinois).

Failing to check the PDMP is a licensure violation in most states and can result in disciplinary action.

Documentation and Standard of Care

Just because the visit is virtual doesn’t mean the clinical standards change. You still need to:

• Conduct a thorough psychiatric evaluation (history, mental status exam, differential diagnosis, risk assessment)
• Document the rationale for prescribing controlled substances
• Assess for substance use disorder risk
• Discuss risks, benefits, and alternatives
• Obtain informed consent for medication treatment
• Monitor for efficacy and side effects

Many state boards have issued guidance reminding providers that the standard of care for telehealth is the same as in-person. If you wouldn’t prescribe a benzodiazepine after a 10-minute phone call in your office, you shouldn’t do it via video either.

Controlled Substance Agreements and Treatment Plans

For patients who will be on long-term controlled substance therapy (e.g., benzodiazepines for chronic anxiety), many states and professional guidelines recommend a written treatment agreement that outlines:

• Goals of treatment
• Expectations around refills and early refill requests
• PDMP monitoring
• Urine drug screening (if clinically appropriate)
• Conditions under which treatment may be discontinued

This isn’t always legally required, but it’s good practice and can protect you in case of an audit or complaint.

FAQ: Anxiety Prescribing via Telehealth

Can psychiatrists prescribe benzodiazepines via telehealth in 2026?

Yes. As of February 2026, federal rules allow prescribing of Schedule IV controlled substances (including benzodiazepines like Xanax, Ativan, and Klonopin) via telehealth without requiring an initial in-person visit. This authority has been extended through December 2026 while the DEA works on permanent regulations. You must still meet all clinical standards of care, check your state PDMP, and comply with state telehealth laws.

Do I need to see anxiety patients in person before prescribing via telehealth?

Not under current federal rules (as of Feb 2026). The Ryan Haight Act’s in-person requirement for controlled substance prescribing has been suspended through 2026. However, you must conduct a proper psychiatric evaluation via live audio-video consultation and establish a legitimate patient-practitioner relationship. Some states may have additional requirements, so verify your state’s telehealth prescribing rules.

Can PMHNPs prescribe anxiety medications independently via telehealth?

It depends on the state. In Full Practice Authority states (like New York, Arizona, Oregon), PMHNPs can prescribe anxiety medications—including controlled substances like benzodiazepines—completely independently via telehealth. In restricted states (like Texas, Pennsylvania, Florida), PMHNPs need a collaborative agreement with a physician and may face additional limitations on controlled substance prescribing. California is mid-transition, with experienced NPs eligible for independent practice starting in 2026.

What are the reimbursement rates for telehealth anxiety medication management?

Medicare pays approximately $95 for a 15-minute medication follow-up (99213) and $202 for an initial psychiatric evaluation (90792) in 2026. Private insurance typically pays 100-150% of Medicare rates. Medicaid pays significantly less (roughly 50-60% of Medicare rates). Telehealth visits are generally reimbursed at the same rate as in-person visits due to parity laws in most states. PMHNPs are reimbursed at 85% of physician rates under Medicare when billing under their own NPI.

Which states allow psychiatrists to prescribe controlled substances via telehealth?

All states allow it under current federal flexibilities (extended through Dec 2026), but some states have additional restrictions. Florida prohibits Schedule II telehealth prescribing except for psychiatric treatment (so anxiety meds are allowed). Texas prohibits controlled substance prescribing via telehealth for chronic pain treatment, but psychiatric conditions like anxiety are permitted. California, New York, Pennsylvania, and Illinois have no state-level telehealth prescribing restrictions beyond federal law. Always check your state’s current PDMP requirements and telehealth regulations.

Do I need a DEA registration in every state where I practice telehealth?

Yes. To prescribe controlled substances (including benzodiazepines for anxiety), you need a DEA registration in each state where your patients are located at the time of the telehealth visit. This is in addition to state medical licensure. Some states also require a separate state controlled substance license (like Illinois) on top of the DEA registration.

What’s the cost of acquiring psychiatric patients through traditional marketing vs. telehealth platforms?

DIY marketing (SEO, Google Ads, directories) typically costs $200-500+ per acquired patient when you factor in all expenses: agency fees, ad spend, staff time, no-shows from cold leads, and months of optimization before results. SEO takes 6-12 months of consistent investment. Google Ads for mental health keywords cost $15-40+ per click with conversion rates often under 5%. Platforms like Klarity use a pay-per-appointment model where you pay only when a pre-qualified patient books—eliminating upfront marketing spend and the risk of wasted ad budgets.

Can I prescribe SSRIs and non-controlled anxiety medications via telehealth without restrictions?

Yes. Non-controlled anxiety medications (SSRIs like sertraline or escitalopram, SNRIs like venlafaxine, buspirone, hydroxyzine) can be prescribed via telehealth in all states without the special restrictions that apply to controlled substances. You still need to conduct an appropriate evaluation and meet the standard of care, but there are no Ryan Haight Act requirements or PDMP checks for non-controlled medications.

The Bottom Line: Telehealth Anxiety Treatment Is Real, Legal, and Lucrative

If you’re a psychiatrist or PMHNP considering telehealth for anxiety treatment, the doors are wide open in 2026. You can evaluate patients remotely, prescribe SSRIs, SNRIs, benzodiazepines, and other anxiety medications via video visit, and get reimbursed at rates equivalent to in-person care in most states.

The regulations are clear enough (with some state-by-state nuances), the federal government has committed to continuing telehealth prescribing flexibilities through at least 2026, and patient demand for virtual mental health care remains strong.

The real question isn’t whether you can do this—it’s whether you should try to build a telehealth practice from scratch or join a platform that handles patient acquisition, credentialing, billing, and compliance for you.

If you want to spend your time treating anxiety disorders instead of debugging Google Ads campaigns and chasing insurance claims, a platform like Klarity makes a lot of sense. You pay only when patients book, you get pre-qualified leads matched to your expertise, and you avoid the $3,000-5,000/month marketing gamble that most solo providers face.

Ready to start seeing anxiety patients via telehealth without the marketing headaches? Explore joining Klarity’s provider network and let the platform handle patient acquisition while you focus on what you do best—helping patients feel better.

References and Sources

1. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2026, January 2). HHS & DEA Extend Telemedicine Flexibilities for Controlled Substance Prescriptions Through 2026. https://www.hhs.gov/press-room/dea-telemedicine-extension-2026.html

2. Florida Senate. (2024). Florida Statutes §464.012 – Certification of Advanced Practice Registered Nurses. https://www.flsenate.gov/laws/statutes/2024/464.012

3. Florida Senate. (2022). Florida Statutes §456.47 – Telehealth. https://www.flsenate.gov/laws/statutes/2022/456.47

4. California Board of Registered Nursing. (2024). AB 890 Implementation – Nurse Practitioner Practice Authority. https://rn.ca.gov/practice/ab890.shtml

5. Nurse Practitioners of New York. (2022, April 9). Breaking News: NP Modernization Act Passes – Full Practice Authority for NYS NPs. https://npny.enpnetwork.com/nurse-practitioner-news/216175-breaking-news-np-modernization-act-passes

6. NursePractitionerLicense.com. (2024, February 12). Illinois Nurse Practitioner Licensing Guide: Limitations of Practice. https://www.nursepractitionerlicense.com/nurse-practitioner-licensing-guides/limitations-of-practice-as-a-nurse-practitioner-in-illinois/

7. Texas Medical Board. (2019). FAQ: Who Can Prescribe Schedule II Drugs Under Physician Delegation? https://www.tmb.state.tx.us/274-who-can-prescribe-schedule-ii-drugs-under-physician-delegation

8. Little Health Law Blog. (2022, August 29). Texas State Telemedicine Prescribing Rules. https://www.littlehealthlawblog.com/texas-state-telemedicine-prescribing-rules/

9. TheraThink. (2025). Insurance Reimbursement Rates for Psychiatrists [2026 Update]. https://therathink.com/insurance-reimbursement-rates-for-psychiatrists/

10. Healing Psychiatry Florida. (2026, January 15). Psychiatrist Shortage by State – 2026 Workforce Analysis. https://www.healingpsychiatryflorida.com/blogs/psychiatrist-shortage-by-state/

11. MedX Health. (2025, November 9). Yes, A Nurse Practitioner Can Prescribe Anxiety Meds: Understanding Prescribing Authority. https://medx.it.com/yes-a-nurse-practitioner-can-prescribe-anxiety-meds-understanding-prescribing-authority

12. Axios. (2024, November 18). COVID-Era Telehealth Prescribing Extended Through 2025. https://www.axios.com/2024/11/18/covid-telehealth-prescribing-extended-adderall

13. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2024, November 15). DEA and HHS Extend Telemedicine Flexibilities Through 2025. https://www.samhsa.gov/about/news-announcements/statements/2024/dea-hhs-extend-telemedicine-flexiblities-through-2025

14. Zivian Health. (2026, February 16). NP-Physician Collaboration Regulations: Your 2026 Compliance Roadmap. https://zivianhealth.com/blog/np-physician-collaboration-regulations-your-compliance-roadmap/

15. American Medical Association. (2025, January 24). National Advocacy Update: New Rules Issued for Telemedicine Prescribing. https://www.ama-assn.org/health-care-advocacy/advocacy-update/jan-24-2025-national-advocacy-update

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