PMHNP Scope of Practice for ADHD in Texas

You’re a psychiatrist or PMHNP treating ADHD, and you’re wondering: Can I legally prescribe Adderall or other stimulants through telehealth? It’s not a simple yes or no — the answer depends on where your patient is located, what your license allows, and whether you’re up to speed on the maze of federal and state regulations.

Here’s the reality: As of 2026, federal rules still permit prescribing Schedule II ADHD medications via telehealth without an in-person exam — but only through the end of this year under a temporary extension. Meanwhile, each state has its own twist on the rules, and if you’re a nurse practitioner, your prescribing authority varies dramatically depending on where you practice.

This guide cuts through the confusion. We’ll walk you through the federal DEA extensions, state-by-state variations in the six markets where most telehealth ADHD care happens (California, Texas, Florida, New York, Pennsylvania, and Illinois), and what these rules mean for building or joining a telehealth practice. Whether you’re a psychiatrist looking to expand into telehealth or a PMHNP trying to understand your scope, you’ll know exactly where you stand.

Federal Rules: The DEA Extension Through 2026 (And What Comes Next)

The Ryan Haight Act — The Baseline Rule Everyone Forgot About

Before COVID, prescribing controlled substances via telehealth was essentially illegal under federal law. The Ryan Haight Online Pharmacy Consumer Protection Act of 2008 mandated an in-person medical evaluation before any practitioner could prescribe a controlled substance — including ADHD medications like Adderall, Vyvanse, or Ritalin.

There were exceptions (treating patients in DEA-registered facilities, for instance), but the DEA never implemented the ‘telemedicine special registration’ that would have allowed remote prescribing. So for over a decade, ADHD care was in-person only at the federal level.

Then COVID happened.

COVID Emergency: The Door Opens

In March 2020, the DEA exercised emergency authority to waive the in-person exam requirement. Suddenly, psychiatrists and PMHNPs could prescribe Schedule II stimulants after a video consultation, as long as the prescription was issued for a legitimate medical purpose and the encounter used real-time, two-way audio-visual communication.

This flexibility was tied to the Public Health Emergency (PHE). When the PHE ended in May 2023, the question became: Would the waiver disappear?

The Extensions: Buying Time While Permanent Rules Are Drafted

The DEA didn’t let the waiver lapse. Instead, they’ve issued four sequential extensions, the latest running through December 31, 2026. This means that right now — in early 2026 — you can still prescribe ADHD medications via telehealth without requiring an initial in-person visit, exactly as you’ve been doing since 2020.

But here’s what you need to know: This is temporary. The DEA is working on permanent rules, and they’ve already previewed what’s coming.

What the Permanent DEA Rules Will Likely Require

In January 2025, the DEA announced three proposed telemedicine rules designed to balance access with safety. Here’s what matters for ADHD prescribers:

1. Telemedicine Special Registration
The DEA is creating a pathway for providers to obtain a special registration that authorizes prescribing controlled substances via telehealth without an in-person exam. This registration will come with requirements:

• Mandatory PDMP checks (the DEA wants to establish a nationwide Prescription Drug Monitoring Program hub)
• Strict patient identity verification during audio-visual consultations
• Potentially, online telehealth platforms themselves will need to register with the DEA (signaling corporate-level oversight)

2. Established Patient Exception
If you’ve seen a patient in person at least once (or they’ve been seen by another provider in your practice), the new telemedicine rules won’t apply. You can continue treating them remotely. This only matters for patients you’ve never met face-to-face.

3. The 30-Day Question
Earlier DEA proposals suggested allowing an initial 30-day supply of Schedule II drugs via telehealth, but requiring an in-person visit for refills beyond that. After massive pushback (over 38,000 public comments), the DEA revised its approach. The final rule text isn’t published yet, but expect some version of this: providers with the special registration can prescribe long-term; those without it may face short-term limits or need to establish in-person care.

Bottom Line: Plan to obtain the DEA telemedicine special registration when it becomes available. Without it, your ability to prescribe ADHD meds remotely after 2026 could be restricted. The DEA has signaled they want to preserve telehealth access — but with guardrails.

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State-by-State Breakdown: Where You Can (and Can’t) Prescribe ADHD Meds via Telehealth

Federal law sets the floor, but states can add their own rules. Here’s how the regulations play out in the six states where most telehealth ADHD providers practice.

California: Open for Telehealth, NPs Gaining Independence

Can you prescribe ADHD meds via telehealth? Yes. California law doesn’t require an in-person exam for prescribing — a telehealth evaluation meets the legal standard, as long as it’s clinically appropriate.

Psychiatrists (MD/DO):
Full authority. You need a California medical license and DEA registration. California isn’t part of the Interstate Medical Licensure Compact, so if you’re out-of-state, you’ll need to go through the full CA licensing process (which can take months).

PMHNPs:
This is where California gets interesting. Historically, NPs needed physician supervision. But under AB 890 (passed in 2020, phased in 2023–2026), experienced nurse practitioners can now practice independently.

Here’s how it works:

• New NPs still need a supervising physician initially
• After 3 years or 4,600 hours of practice under supervision, NPs can apply for independent practice authority (called ‘103 NP’ status)
• Once independent, PMHNPs can diagnose ADHD and prescribe stimulants without physician oversight

By the end of 2026, California’s transition to full practice authority will be complete. This is a huge shift — it means more PMHNPs can run independent telehealth practices or join platforms like Klarity without needing a supervising psychiatrist.

PDMP Requirements:
California mandates checking the CURES database (the state’s PDMP) before the initial prescription of any Schedule II–IV controlled substance, and at least every 4 months for ongoing treatment. Document these checks in your notes.

Key Takeaway: California is one of the most telehealth-friendly states for ADHD care. If you’re licensed here and you’re an experienced NP, you have the same prescribing freedom as a psychiatrist.

Texas: Physicians Only for Stimulant Prescribing

Can you prescribe ADHD meds via telehealth? Yes, if you’re a physician. No, if you’re a nurse practitioner or PA.

Psychiatrists (MD/DO):
Texas allows telehealth prescribing of ADHD medications with no special state restrictions (beyond following federal law). You must establish a valid physician-patient relationship via audio-visual telemedicine, and you need a Texas medical license. Texas is part of the Interstate Medical Licensure Compact (IMLC), so out-of-state physicians can expedite licensing.

PMHNPs and PAs:
Here’s the problem: Texas law prohibits nurse practitioners and physician assistants from prescribing Schedule II controlled substances in outpatient settings. Period.

The only exceptions are:

• Hospital inpatient orders (patients hospitalized ≥24 hours)
• Hospice care
• Emergency department orders

Outpatient ADHD treatment doesn’t qualify. This means if you’re an NP in Texas and you evaluate a patient with ADHD via telehealth, you cannot write the prescription for Adderall, Ritalin, Vyvanse, or any other Schedule II stimulant. A physician must sign off on it.

Practically, this means telehealth platforms operating in Texas need to staff psychiatrists (or have physician oversight for NPs). If you’re an NP considering Texas, understand you’ll need a collaborative physician specifically for stimulant prescriptions.

PDMP Requirements:
Texas requires PDMP checks for opioids, benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and carisoprodol — but not stimulants (though it’s still best practice to check).

E-Prescribing:
Mandatory for all controlled substances in Texas (as of 2021). Set up EPCS (Electronic Prescribing of Controlled Substances) if you’re treating Texas patients.

Key Takeaway: Texas is physician-only territory for ADHD med prescribing. If you’re a PMHNP, this state won’t work unless you have a physician partner.

Florida: Psychiatric Exception Makes Telehealth Legal

Can you prescribe ADHD meds via telehealth? Yes — Florida has a specific statutory exception for psychiatric disorders.

Florida law generally prohibits prescribing Schedule II controlled substances via telehealth, except for:

1. Treatment of a psychiatric disorder
2. Inpatient hospital care
3. Hospice care
4. Nursing home residents

ADHD qualifies as a psychiatric disorder, so you’re covered.

Psychiatrists (MD/DO):
Full authority. You can prescribe stimulants via telehealth after a proper evaluation. You need either:

• A full Florida medical license, or
• Florida’s out-of-state telehealth provider registration (which allows you to practice in Florida without a full license, as long as you’re licensed in another state, have a clean record, and carry malpractice insurance)

The telehealth registration is a unique Florida feature — it’s faster and cheaper than getting a full license. Even with this registration, you can prescribe ADHD meds because of the psychiatric exception.

PMHNPs:
Florida NPs can prescribe controlled substances, but with conditions:

• Psychiatric NPs (defined as APRNs with a psych degree and 2+ years of experience under a psychiatrist) are not limited to 7-day supplies for Schedule II drugs when treating mental health conditions
• However, PMHNPs in Florida must practice under a written protocol with a supervising psychiatrist. Florida’s 2020 law allowing NP independence excluded psychiatric NPs — you still need a physician relationship.

For minors with ADHD, the law specifically requires a consulting pediatrician or psychiatrist for psychotropic controlled meds.

PDMP Requirements:
Florida mandates checking the E-FORCSE PDMP before prescribing any controlled substance for patients 16 or older (with limited exceptions). Document these checks.

Key Takeaway: Florida explicitly allows telehealth ADHD prescribing for psychiatric care, but NPs need physician protocols in place. The out-of-state telehealth registration makes it easier for providers from other states to treat Florida patients.

New York: Recently Aligned State Law with Federal Flexibilities

Can you prescribe ADHD meds via telehealth? Yes, as of May 2025.

For years, New York’s regulations essentially mirrored the federal Ryan Haight Act. But in May 2025, the New York State Department of Health updated its rules to explicitly allow prescribing controlled substances via telehealth when consistent with federal law.

This means as long as the federal DEA extension is in effect (through 2026), telehealth prescribing of stimulants is legal in New York.

Psychiatrists (MD/DO):
Full authority. You need a New York medical license (NY isn’t in the IMLC, so out-of-state doctors need to apply separately). Once licensed, you can prescribe ADHD meds via telehealth following federal and state rules.

PMHNPs:
New York is relatively progressive for nurse practitioners. Under the NP Modernization Act of 2015, NPs with more than 3,600 hours of practice can work independently without a written collaborative agreement (though they must still have a defined collaborative relationship with a physician).

PMHNPs in New York can prescribe Schedule II–V controlled substances, including stimulants, with no state-specific quantity limits. However, New York generally limits controlled substance prescriptions to a 30-day supply unless certain conditions are met.

Unique to NY: For ADHD specifically, providers can prescribe up to a 90-day supply of stimulants by indicating the prescription is for ‘minimal brain dysfunction’ (the old term for ADHD) using Code B on the prescription. This applies to both physicians and NPs.

PDMP Requirements:
New York mandates checking the I-STOP/PMP registry before prescribing any Schedule II, III, or IV controlled substance. This is strictly enforced — check the PMP for every stimulant prescription.

E-Prescribing:
Required for all controlled substances (mandatory since 2016).

Key Takeaway: New York’s 2025 update removed state-level barriers to telehealth ADHD prescribing. Experienced NPs have broad authority, and the 90-day supply option is a practical advantage for stable patients.

Pennsylvania: Standard of Care Rules Apply, NPs Need Physician Collaboration

Can you prescribe ADHD meds via telehealth? Yes. Pennsylvania doesn’t have specific restrictions beyond federal law.

Pennsylvania’s medical boards allow telemedicine prescribing as long as the encounter meets the standard of care. There’s no state law prohibiting controlled substance prescribing via telehealth (though they caution against prescribing based solely on online questionnaires — an actual evaluation is required).

Psychiatrists (MD/DO):
Full authority. Pennsylvania is in the IMLC, so out-of-state psychiatrists can expedite licensing. Once licensed, you can prescribe ADHD meds via telehealth just as you would in person.

PMHNPs (CRNPs in PA):
Pennsylvania is a restricted practice state. Nurse practitioners must have a collaborative agreement with a physician to prescribe.

For Schedule II controlled substances (including ADHD stimulants), Pennsylvania law limits CRNPs to:

• 30-day supply maximum on initial prescription
• Physician approval required for any continuation beyond 30 days

The collaborating physician doesn’t need to see the patient or co-sign every prescription, but they must be consulted before refills. This is similar to Illinois’s approach.

Pennsylvania also requires the collaborating physician to be available for consultation and have oversight of the NP’s Schedule II prescribing (monthly chart reviews are recommended).

PDMP Requirements:
Pennsylvania law requires checking the PA PDMP before prescribing any controlled substance at the start of a new course of treatment, and each time for opioids or benzodiazepines. For stimulants, check at the initial visit and periodically (most providers check every time to be safe).

E-Prescribing:
Mandatory for controlled substances (as of 2019, per Act 96).

Key Takeaway: Pennsylvania allows telehealth ADHD prescribing, but NPs are on a short leash — 30-day limits and physician oversight are required. If you’re a PMHNP practicing in PA, make sure your collaborative agreement covers stimulant prescribing and that your physician partner is looped in regularly.

Illinois: Full Practice Authority Possible for Experienced NPs

Can you prescribe ADHD meds via telehealth? Yes. Illinois has no state-level ban on telehealth prescribing of controlled substances.

Illinois updated its Telehealth Act in 2021 to ensure parity and allow provider-patient relationships to be established via telemedicine. The state defers to federal law on controlled substance prescribing.

Psychiatrists (MD/DO):
Full authority. You need an Illinois medical license (available via IMLC for out-of-state physicians) plus an Illinois Controlled Substance License (a separate state credential required for anyone prescribing controlled substances in IL). Once you have both, you can prescribe ADHD meds via telehealth.

PMHNPs (APRNs in IL):
Illinois is one of the more progressive states for NP autonomy, but with nuances.

Two tiers of practice:

1. Under Collaboration (Standard APRNs):

• Must have a written collaborative agreement with a physician
• Can prescribe a 30-day supply of Schedule II drugs
• Physician approval required for any continuation beyond 30 days
• Physician must conduct monthly reviews of Schedule II prescribing

2. Full Practice Authority (FPA APRNs):

• Available to NPs who have completed 4,000 hours of practice under collaboration and 250 hours of additional training
• Can practice independently, including prescribing Schedule II–V controlled substances without physician oversight
• Exception: For Schedule II narcotic drugs (opioids) and benzodiazepines, FPA APRNs must maintain a ‘consultation relationship’ with a physician

Here’s the key: Stimulants for ADHD are Schedule II non-narcotic drugs. The consultation requirement only applies to Schedule II narcotics and benzos. This means an FPA PMHNP in Illinois can prescribe Adderall, Vyvanse, or Ritalin independently via telehealth with no physician involvement.

PDMP Requirements:
Illinois law mandates PDMP checks for opioids and initial benzodiazepine prescriptions. While not explicitly required for stimulants, checking the PMP for ADHD medications is considered best practice.

Other Notes:

• Illinois allows ‘Prescribing Psychologists’ with physician collaboration, but they cannot prescribe Schedule II substances, so they’re out for ADHD med management
• E-prescribing is required for controlled substances

Key Takeaway: Illinois offers a clear path to independent practice for experienced PMHNPs. If you’ve logged the hours and obtained FPA status, you can build a fully independent telehealth ADHD practice in Illinois without needing a physician partner.

Side-by-Side: State Telehealth ADHD Prescribing Rules

What This Means for Your Practice

If You’re a Psychiatrist:

You have the most flexibility. In every state covered here, you can prescribe ADHD medications via telehealth legally under current federal extensions. Your main considerations are:

1. Get licensed in your target states (use IMLC where available — Texas, Pennsylvania, Illinois)
2. Understand each state’s PDMP requirements and build PMP checks into your workflow
3. Set up EPCS (electronic prescribing of controlled substances) — it’s mandatory in most states
4. Prepare for 2027 by staying informed about the DEA’s permanent telemedicine rules and plan to obtain the special registration

If You’re a PMHNP:

Your scope varies dramatically by state:

Best states for independent practice:

• California (after gaining 103 NP status)
• New York (after 3,600 hours)
• Illinois (with FPA certification)

In these states, you can build or join a telehealth practice without needing a supervising psychiatrist.

States requiring physician collaboration:

• Pennsylvania (30-day limits on Schedule II)
• Florida (need psychiatrist protocol)

In these states, you’ll need a collaborative agreement that specifically addresses stimulant prescribing. Make sure your supervising physician is accessible and willing to review cases regularly.

State to avoid (for ADHD prescribing):

• Texas — you cannot prescribe Schedule II stimulants in outpatient settings, period.

The Economics: Why Klarity Makes More Sense Than DIY Marketing

Let’s talk about the business reality of building an ADHD telehealth practice.

Many providers assume they can just hang a shingle online, run some Google Ads, or list on Psychology Today, and patients will flow in. Here’s what actually happens:

The Real Cost of Patient Acquisition

DIY Marketing Reality:

• SEO takes 6–12 months of consistent investment (content, technical optimization, backlinks) before you see meaningful traffic. Most solo providers don’t have the expertise or patience.
• Google Ads for mental health keywords cost $15–40+ per click. Most clicks don’t convert to booked appointments. A realistic cost per booked patient through PPC is $200–400+ after accounting for click costs, failed campaigns, no-shows from cold leads, and the time/money spent on ad management.
• Directory listings (Psychology Today, Zocdoc, Headway) charge monthly fees AND you compete with hundreds of other providers. Zocdoc charges per booking ($35–100+), but your total monthly cost including subscription adds up.
• Agency/consultant fees if you outsource this — easily $2,000–5,000/month with no guaranteed results.

When you factor in ALL costs — ad spend, testing and optimization, staff time to qualify leads, no-show rates, months of investment before results — acquiring a qualified psychiatric patient through DIY channels typically costs $200–500+ per patient, assuming your marketing actually works.

Most providers either don’t have the budget for this, or they spend months spinning their wheels before giving up.

The Klarity Model: Pay Only When You See Patients

Klarity uses a pay-per-appointment model. You pay a standard listing fee per new patient lead — no upfront marketing spend, no monthly subscriptions, no wasted ad budget on clicks that don’t convert.

Here’s why the economics make sense:

1. No upfront risk: You’re not gambling $3,000–5,000/month on marketing campaigns that might fail. You pay only when a qualified patient books with you.

2. Pre-qualified patients: Every patient who reaches you has already been matched to your specialty, availability, and insurance/cash-pay preferences. You’re not fielding unqualified leads or spending staff time on intake.

3. Built-in infrastructure: Telehealth platform, scheduling, EHR integration, billing support — all included. No separate platform costs or tech headaches.

4. Both insurance and cash-pay flow: Klarity handles payer credentialing and brings you patients from both insurance networks and self-pay. You’re not limited to one revenue stream.

5. You control your schedule: Set your availability, accept the patients you want to see. You’re not locked into volume requirements or exclusivity.

ROI Comparison:

Let’s say you want to add 20 new ADHD patients per month.

DIY approach:

• Monthly marketing spend: $4,000 (conservative)
• Acquisition cost per patient: $200+
• Total first-month cost: $4,000+ (plus your time managing campaigns)
• Ongoing cost: $4,000+/month indefinitely
• Risk: No guarantee it works. Many providers burn through $10,000–20,000 before seeing consistent results, if ever.

Klarity approach:

• Monthly marketing spend: $0
• Cost per new patient: Listing fee per appointment (structured, predictable)
• Total first-month cost: 20 patients × listing fee
• Ongoing cost: Scales with your patient volume
• Risk: Zero. You only pay when you see patients.

Instead of spending thousands gambling on marketing channels, you pay only for actual appointments. That’s guaranteed ROI versus hoping your SEO ranks or your Google Ads convert.

FAQ: ADHD Telehealth Prescribing Rules

Can I prescribe Adderall via telehealth without ever meeting the patient in person?

Yes, through December 31, 2026 under the current federal DEA extension. After that, you’ll likely need a DEA telemedicine special registration to continue prescribing to new patients remotely. If you’ve seen a patient in person at least once, the special registration won’t apply.

Do I need to see ADHD patients in person eventually, or can I treat them entirely via telehealth?

Under current rules, you can treat ADHD patients entirely via telehealth indefinitely. Once care is established, there’s no federal or state requirement (in CA, TX, FL, NY, PA, IL) for periodic in-person visits. Future DEA rules may change this — stay tuned for updates in 2026–2027.

Can PMHNPs prescribe ADHD medications in all 50 states?

PMHNPs can prescribe ADHD medications in all 50 states, but their scope of practice varies. In Texas, for example, NPs cannot prescribe Schedule II controlled substances in outpatient settings, so they’d need a physician to write stimulant prescriptions. In California, New York, and Illinois (with full practice authority), PMHNPs can prescribe independently. Always check your state’s specific rules.

What’s the difference between the DEA extension and the permanent rules being proposed?

The DEA extension (through December 2026) is a temporary blanket waiver allowing all providers to prescribe controlled substances via telehealth without an in-person exam, as long as they follow standard prescribing protocols. The permanent rules (expected 2027) will introduce a telemedicine special registration requirement, mandatory PDMP checks, and possibly other safeguards. The extension buys time while the DEA finalizes these rules.

Do I need to check the state PDMP every time I prescribe a stimulant?

It depends on the state:

• California: Check CURES initially, then every 4 months for ongoing treatment
• New York: Check I-STOP/PMP every time you prescribe a Schedule II–IV drug
• Florida: Check E-FORCSE before prescribing to patients 16+
• Pennsylvania: Check PA PDMP at the start of treatment and periodically (required for opioids/benzos each time; recommended for stimulants)
• Illinois: Not explicitly required for stimulants, but recommended
• Texas: Not mandatory for stimulants, but best practice

When in doubt, check the PDMP every time. It protects you legally and ensures you’re not missing overlapping prescriptions or potential diversion.

Can I use audio-only (phone) visits to prescribe ADHD medications?

No. The DEA’s COVID-era flexibility specifically requires real-time, two-way audio-visual communication (video) for prescribing Schedule II controlled substances via telehealth. Audio-only doesn’t meet the standard. You need video for the initial evaluation and any visit where you’re adjusting or continuing stimulant therapy.

What happens if I prescribe ADHD meds via telehealth in a state where I’m not licensed?

You’re violating state medical practice laws and potentially federal controlled substance laws. Every provider must be licensed in the state where the patient is physically located at the time of the telehealth visit. There’s no exception for telehealth. In states like Florida, you can use an out-of-state telehealth registration instead of a full license, but you still need some form of state authorization.

Can I prescribe 90-day supplies of Adderall or other stimulants?

It depends on the state:

• New York: Yes, up to 90 days for ADHD if you use the appropriate code
• Most other states: Generally limited to 30 days for Schedule II drugs, though some allow longer supplies for stable patients under certain conditions

Check your state’s specific rules. Even if allowed, many providers stick to 30-day supplies for stimulants to ensure regular follow-up and monitoring.

Do I need malpractice insurance for telehealth?

Yes. Telehealth is still medical practice, and you need professional liability coverage. Make sure your policy covers telehealth practice in the states where you’re licensed. Some insurers require notification or charge higher premiums for multi-state telehealth.

What’s the difference between Full Practice Authority (FPA) and restricted practice for NPs?

Full Practice Authority (FPA) means a nurse practitioner can practice independently — diagnosing, treating, and prescribing — without physician oversight or collaboration requirements. States like California, New York, and Illinois offer FPA to experienced NPs (typically after 3,000–4,600 hours of supervised practice).

Restricted practice means NPs must work under a physician’s supervision or collaboration, with varying levels of oversight. In Pennsylvania, for example, NPs need a collaborative agreement and physician approval for Schedule II prescriptions beyond 30 days. In Texas, NPs can’t prescribe Schedule II stimulants at all in outpatient settings.

Your scope of practice determines whether you can run an independent telehealth ADHD practice or need a physician partner.

Ready to Practice ADHD Telehealth Without the Marketing Headaches?

If you’re a psychiatrist or PMHNP who wants to treat ADHD patients via telehealth — without spending thousands on marketing, managing ad campaigns, or competing with hundreds of other providers on directories — Klarity Health offers a smarter path.

Here’s how it works:

• No upfront costs or monthly fees: Pay only when you see patients
• Pre-qualified patients: Matched to your specialty, availability, and payment preferences (insurance or cash)
• Built-in telehealth platform: Scheduling, EHR, billing support included
• Multi-state licensing support: We help you navigate licensing and credentialing
• Compliance built in: PDMP integration, e-prescribing, documentation tools

Whether you’re in California, New York, Illinois, Pennsylvania, or Florida (and planning to expand to other states), Klarity brings you patients who are ready to start treatment — no marketing gamble required.

Join Klarity’s provider network and start seeing patients within weeks, not months.

Explore the Klarity Platform →

Sources and References

The following sources were consulted to ensure accuracy and timeliness of the regulatory information in this guide. All claims are verified against official state statutes, regulations, and federal agency releases as of February 2026.

Federal Sources

1. DEA & HHS Press Release – Extension of Telemedicine Flexibilities Through 2026
   HHS.gov | Published: January 2, 2026
   Official government announcement of the fourth extension allowing telehealth prescribing of Schedule II–V controlled substances through December 31, 2026.

2. Healthcare Dive – DEA/HHS Extend Telehealth Controlled Substance Prescriptions
   HealthcareDive.com | Published: January 5, 2026
   Industry news coverage of the 2026 extension with context on the DEA’s rulemaking timeline.

3. DEA Press Release – Three New Telemedicine Rules
   DEA.gov | Published: January 16, 2025
   Official DEA summary of proposed permanent telemedicine rules, including special registration, PDMP requirements, and platform oversight.

4. RxAgent – NP Prescriptive Authority by State (2026 Guide)
   RxAgent.co | Last Updated: December 28, 2025
   Comprehensive analysis of nurse practitioner prescribing authority across all 50 states, including recent legislative changes and scope of practice details.

State-Specific Sources

5. Texas Board of Nursing – APRN Practice FAQ
   BON.Texas.gov | Current as of 2025
   Official Texas Board of Nursing guidance confirming that APRNs/PAs cannot prescribe Schedule II controlled substances in outpatient settings.

6. Florida Statutes §456.47 (Telehealth Law)
   Leg.State.FL.us | Effective: July 2019
   Primary legal text establishing Florida’s telehealth prescribing rules, including the psychiatric disorder exception for Schedule II substances.

7. Florida Statutes §464.012 (Nursing Prescribing Authority)
   [Leg.State.FL.

Source:

• https://www.healthcaredive.com/news/dea-hhs-extend-telehealth-controlled-substance-prescriptions-flexibilities-fourth-time/808735/#:~:text=,II%20to%20Schedule%20V%20drugs
• https://www.healthcaredive.com/news/dea-hhs-extend-telehealth-controlled-substance-prescriptions-flexibilities-fourth-time/808735/#:~:text=,to%20hash%20out%20permanent%20regulations
• https://rxagent.co/blog/np-prescribing-authority#:~:text=Proposed%20DEA%20rules%20create%20a,for%20telemedicine%20prescribing
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• https://www.pacodeandbulletin.gov/secure/pacode/data/049/chapter21/chap21toc.html#:~:text=,
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• https://rxagent.co/blog/np-prescribing-authority#:~:text=However%2C%20,3
• https://www.cchpca.org/topic/online-prescribing/#:~:text=Prescribing%2C%20dispensing%2C%20or%20furnishing%20dangerous,the%20appropriate%20standard%20of%20care