Telehealth Narcolepsy Prescribing: What Prescribers Can Do in North Carolina

If you’re a psychiatrist or PMHNP considering treating narcolepsy patients through telehealth, you’re probably wondering: Can I legally prescribe stimulants and other controlled substances for narcolepsy online? What’s different about my scope of practice compared to a physician? And which states actually allow this?

The short answer: Yes, psychiatrists can prescribe narcolepsy medications via telehealth in virtually every state (with some procedural hoops). PMHNPs can too—but your authority varies dramatically by state, from full independence to requiring physician oversight or outright prohibitions on certain medications.

Let’s cut through the confusion. Narcolepsy is a rare neurological sleep disorder affecting roughly 1 in 2,000 Americans—about 160,000 people nationwide. Most need lifelong medication management with controlled substances like amphetamines (Adderall), methylphenidate (Ritalin), modafinil (Provigil), or even sodium oxybate (Xyrem). That puts narcolepsy prescribing squarely in controlled-substance territory, which means navigating both federal DEA telehealth rules and a patchwork of state scope-of-practice laws.

Here’s what you need to know to practice confidently—and compliantly—in 2026.

The Federal Landscape: DEA Telehealth Flexibilities Through 2025

First, the good news: as of early 2026, you can still prescribe Schedule II–V controlled substances via telehealth without an initial in-person exam, thanks to pandemic-era waivers extended through the end of 2025. The DEA and HHS announced in November 2024 that the Ryan Haight Act’s in-person requirement remains suspended for now, giving providers (MDs and qualifying NPs) the green light to initiate stimulant therapy entirely online.

What this means in practice:

• A psychiatrist licensed in the patient’s state can conduct a video evaluation, confirm a narcolepsy diagnosis (ideally with sleep study documentation), and e-prescribe Adderall, Ritalin, or modafinil on day one—no office visit required.
• The same applies to PMHNPs in states where they have independent or collaborative prescribing authority for Schedule II drugs.

The catch: This flexibility is temporary. After 2025, the DEA may reinstate in-person visit requirements or introduce new telemedicine-specific registration rules. Most providers are hopeful the permanent telehealth prescribing framework will preserve remote access (advocacy groups and Congress are pushing for it), but until final rules drop, stay alert to DEA announcements and be ready to adapt.

Your workflow today should include:

• Using audio-video (not phone-only) for controlled substance evaluations
• Checking your state’s Prescription Drug Monitoring Program (PDMP) before prescribing any controlled med (mandatory in nearly all states)
• E-prescribing via DEA-compliant software (paper scripts for Schedule II are mostly obsolete)
• Documenting the encounter as you would in-person: thorough history, diagnosis confirmation, informed consent for stimulant use

If you follow these steps, you’re operating within current federal allowances. Now, let’s talk about where state laws complicate the picture—especially for NPs.

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Psychiatrists (MD/DO): Your Full Authority & State-Specific Quirks

Bottom line: Psychiatrists have the broadest prescribing scope. You can diagnose narcolepsy, prescribe any medication (Schedule II stimulants, wakefulness agents, sodium oxybate, etc.), and manage patients via telehealth in any state where you’re licensed—subject to that state’s general telemedicine standards.

Key Advantages for MDs:

• No categorical medication restrictions: Unlike NPs in some states, you’re not barred from prescribing specific drug schedules or limited to short-term supplies.
• Full diagnostic authority: You can order labs, interpret sleep studies (or work with a sleep specialist), and adjust complex regimens involving multiple meds (e.g., stimulant + antidepressant for cataplexy).
• Reimbursement parity: Most states now mandate that insurers pay for telehealth visits at the same rate as in-person—especially for psychiatric services. Medicare covers tele-mental health permanently (through at least 2024 extensions), and private payers in states like California, New York, Illinois, and Pennsylvania follow suit.

State-Specific Cautions (Even for MDs):

Florida: Florida law prohibits prescribing Schedule II controlled substances via telehealth unless it’s for a psychiatric disorder, inpatient care, hospice, or chronic pain management. Narcolepsy is a neurological condition, not psychiatric—so technically, a Florida-licensed psychiatrist cannot initiate Adderall purely via telehealth for narcolepsy under state law.

Workarounds in practice:

• Use Schedule IV alternatives (modafinil/armodafinil), which are allowed via telehealth under Florida’s 2022 law (SB 312).
• If the patient also has ADHD or another psychiatric diagnosis, you might justify the stimulant as psychiatric treatment—gray area, consult legal counsel.
• Or arrange at least one in-person visit (could be with a local collaborating physician) to satisfy Florida’s requirement.

Texas: No explicit ban on tele-prescribing Schedule II for physicians, but Texas Medical Board rules require a valid practitioner-patient relationship established via appropriate telemedicine standards (video, not audio-only; documentation of informed consent). MDs can prescribe narcolepsy stimulants remotely as long as those boxes are checked.

California, New York, Illinois, Pennsylvania: All permit controlled-substance prescribing via telehealth with standard safeguards (PDMP checks, e-prescribing). No special physician-specific barriers beyond federal law.

For psychiatrists, the main hurdles are administrative—not legal:

• Prior authorizations for newer narcolepsy meds (modafinil, pitolisant, Sunosi, Xyrem) can eat up 30–60 minutes per patient. Many insurers demand sleep study proof and trial-of-cheaper-drugs documentation.
• Medication shortages: The Adderall shortage that started in 2022 continues into 2024. You may need to pivot patients to methylphenidate or non-stimulants, which adds extra visits and patient frustration.
• Monthly follow-ups: Federal law prohibits refills on Schedule II scripts, so you’re writing a new 30-day prescription each month. This is standard practice for stimulant management anyway (monitoring for side effects, blood pressure, adherence), but it’s more frequent touchpoints than, say, treating stable depression.

Reimbursement snapshot for psychiatrists:

• A 15-minute narcolepsy med check typically bills as 99213 (~$80–$100) or 99214 if more complex (~$110–$140).
• Over a year, one narcolepsy patient with monthly visits = ~$1,000–$1,500 in revenue (before overhead).
• Medicare reimburses at standard rates; private insurance varies but telehealth parity laws keep it on par with in-person.
• Many psychiatrists opt for cash-pay models to avoid insurance prior-auth headaches—narcolepsy patients, desperate for specialized care, often pay $100–$150 per visit out-of-pocket if it means getting consistent medication management.

The opportunity: Narcolepsy is underserved. Most sleep specialists are neurologists who focus on diagnosis (sleep studies) but hand off medication management to PCPs or psychiatrists. There’s a gap you can fill—especially in rural or shortage areas where sleep clinics are sparse. Telehealth lets you reach patients across your licensed states efficiently.

PMHNPs: Your Authority Depends Entirely on Your State

Here’s where it gets complicated. Nurse practitioners’ ability to prescribe narcolepsy medications varies from ‘full independent practice’ to ‘can’t touch Schedule II stimulants’ depending on where you’re licensed.

The Spectrum of NP Practice Authority (2026):

Full Practice States (NPs can prescribe narcolepsy meds independently after meeting experience thresholds):

• New York: After 3,600 hours (~2 years) of practice under a collaborative agreement, PMHNPs can practice and prescribe completely independently—no physician oversight, no written protocol. You can prescribe Schedule II–V drugs for narcolepsy on your own. New NPs (under 3,600 hours) still need a collaborative agreement with a physician that covers controlled substances.

• Illinois: NPs who complete 4,000 hours of collaborative practice + 250 hours of pharmacology CE can apply for Full Practice Authority (FPA). With FPA, you can prescribe Schedule II–V independently (with minor caveats: if prescribing Schedule II opioids for narcolepsy patients—unlikely—you need a physician consult relationship; stimulants aren’t restricted this way). Non-FPA NPs need a physician collaborative agreement but can still prescribe stimulants if the MD delegates that authority.

• California: AB 890 (2020) created a phased independence pathway. As of 2023, NPs can practice as ‘103 NPs’ (semi-independent in a group setting with at least one physician). After 3 years (or 4,600 hours), they become ‘104 NPs’ (fully independent, starting 2026). Until you reach 104 status, you need a physician-approved standardized procedure to prescribe Schedule II drugs—doable, but requires an MD partner on paper. Once you’re a 104 NP, you can manage narcolepsy solo.

Restricted Practice States (NPs need physician collaboration and face prescribing limits):

• Texas: PMHNPs must have a Prescriptive Authority Agreement (PAA) with a supervising physician. Critically, Texas NPs cannot prescribe Schedule II drugs for outpatients except in hospital inpatient or hospice settings. For narcolepsy (an outpatient condition), this means you cannot prescribe Adderall or Ritalin on your own. Your collaborating physician would need to write those scripts. You can prescribe Schedule IV meds like modafinil independently (under your PAA, up to 90-day supply). Practical impact: If you’re a Texas PMHNP treating narcolepsy via telehealth, you’d need an MD partnership or focus on modafinil/armodafinil therapy.

• Florida: Florida requires a physician collaborative agreement for all PMHNPs (psychiatric NPs are excluded from the state’s autonomous NP pathway). You can prescribe Schedule II stimulants, but only a 7-day supply at a time—unless you’re a state-certified ‘psychiatric nurse’ treating a psychiatric disorder (narcolepsy doesn’t qualify). Practical impact: Weekly prescription refills are a nightmare workflow-wise. Many Florida NPs rely on their supervising psychiatrist to handle ongoing stimulant scripts, or stick to Schedule IV alternatives. Florida also has the telehealth restriction mentioned earlier (Schedule II ban via telemedicine except for psych treatment), which compounds the issue.

• Pennsylvania: NPs (CRNPs) must have a written collaborative agreement with a physician. PA law allows NPs to prescribe Schedule II drugs for up to a 30-day supply, and Schedule III–IV for up to 90 days. This aligns reasonably well with narcolepsy management (monthly visits for stimulants are typical). However, you need your collaborating physician’s name on file, and any extension beyond those limits requires MD approval. Practical impact: Workable if you have a solid physician partner; the 30-day limit just means monthly check-ins, which is best practice anyway.

NP Prescribing Summary Table:

If you’re a PMHNP looking to treat narcolepsy patients via telehealth:

• Target states where you have independent or collaborative prescribing authority that doesn’t block Schedule II outpatient prescribing (NY, IL, CA [with 104 status], PA with a good MD partner).
• Avoid trying to manage narcolepsy solo in Texas or Florida unless you’re comfortable with workarounds (modafinil-only in TX; frequent MD involvement in FL).
• Ensure your collaborative agreements explicitly cover controlled substances and narcolepsy if you’re in a restricted state—don’t assume it’s included.

Telehealth Workflow for Narcolepsy Prescribing: Staying Compliant

Regardless of your license type, here’s a proven workflow that keeps you legally compliant and clinically sound when treating narcolepsy patients remotely:

Initial Evaluation (30–45 minutes):

1. Verify patient identity and location (required for state licensure—you must be licensed where they physically are).
2. Obtain informed consent for telehealth and controlled-substance treatment.
3. Review diagnosis: Ideally, the patient has a confirmed narcolepsy diagnosis from a sleep specialist (polysomnography + MSLT results). If not, refer them for sleep study before prescribing. Don’t wing it—narcolepsy mimics are common (depression, sleep apnea, idiopathic hypersomnia).
4. Check the state PDMP for any red flags (prior stimulant prescriptions, doctor shopping).
5. Take a full history: medication trials, comorbid conditions (ADHD, depression, anxiety—common with narcolepsy), substance use history.
6. Discuss treatment plan: Start with first-line therapy (modafinil or stimulant), explain side effects (BP elevation, insomnia, appetite suppression), set monitoring expectations (monthly visits, home BP checks if using stimulants).
7. E-prescribe via DEA-compliant software (never paper, never phone orders).

Follow-Up Visits (15–20 minutes, monthly initially):

1. Symptom check: Epworth Sleepiness Scale score, frequency of sleep attacks, any cataplexy episodes.
2. Side effect monitoring: Blood pressure, heart rate (ask patient to use home cuff), weight, mood (stimulants can exacerbate anxiety).
3. Adherence review: Are they taking meds as prescribed? Any missed doses? (Important for both efficacy and safety.)
4. Dose adjustment if needed (titrate up for inadequate response, down for side effects).
5. PDMP re-check (some states require it for every controlled substance prescription; best practice: check at least quarterly).
6. Refill prescription (30-day supply for Schedule II, can write sequential post-dated scripts in some states to reduce monthly visits once stable—check your state’s rules).

Billing & Documentation:

• Code as 99213 or 99214 depending on complexity (use time-based coding if you spend >50% of visit on counseling).
• Document thoroughly: diagnosis (ICD-10 G47.4xx for narcolepsy), medication name/dose/quantity, informed consent for controlled substance, PDMP check result, clinical decision-making.
• If coordinating with a sleep specialist or PCP, document that (could potentially use care coordination codes, though rarely reimbursed).

Telehealth-specific compliance tips:

• Audio-video is mandatory for controlled substances in almost all states (no phone-only).
• Record keeping: Maintain all notes in your EHR for at least 5–7 years (state-dependent).
• Malpractice insurance: Confirm your policy covers telehealth and controlled-substance prescribing. Most do if you’re following standard of care.

Reimbursement & Economics: Is Narcolepsy Prescribing Financially Viable?

Short answer: Yes—if you manage the administrative load efficiently.

Insurance Reimbursement:

• Telehealth parity laws in most states (NY, CA, IL, PA, and many others) require insurers to reimburse telehealth visits at the same rate as in-person. A 15-minute med check might net you $80–$140 depending on code and payer.
• Medicare currently covers tele-mental health permanently (extensions through at least 2024), though there’s a looming rule that may require one in-person visit every 6 months post-2024. Medicare pays NPs at 85% of the physician fee schedule (so if a psychiatrist gets $100, an NP gets $85 for the same service).
• Private payers vary, but parity laws help. One caveat: mental health providers are historically underpaid—an Illinois study found insurers pay psych clinicians 22% less than other specialists on average. This drives many psychiatrists out-of-network. Narcolepsy billing might fall under medical (neurology) codes in some cases, potentially sidestepping this gap.

Cash-Pay Model:

• Many narcolepsy patients are willing to pay $100–$150 per visit out-of-pocket for consistent, specialized care—especially if local sleep specialists have 6-month wait times.
• Monthly visits = predictable recurring revenue. One narcolepsy patient on a $125/visit cash plan = $1,500/year per patient.
• No prior auth headaches, no insurance denials, no billing lag.

Patient Acquisition Cost Reality:

Let’s be honest: acquiring new narcolepsy patients through traditional DIY marketing is expensive and slow.

• SEO takes 6–12 months of consistent investment before you rank for ‘narcolepsy treatment near me’ or ‘telehealth narcolepsy doctor [state].’ You’re competing with established sleep clinics and medical centers. Even then, most searches are informational—converting a Google visitor to a booked patient is hard.
• Google Ads for mental health and sleep disorder keywords run $15–$40+ per click. Most clicks don’t convert. A realistic cost per booked patient through PPC is $200–$400+ when you factor in ad spend, landing page optimization, and no-show rates.
• Directory listings (Psychology Today, Zocdoc) charge monthly fees ($50–$300/month) plus per-booking fees ($35–$100). You’re also competing with hundreds of other providers on the same platform—patients often pick based on next availability, not expertise.

Total DIY marketing cost for a solo provider: If you’re paying an agency or consultant to handle SEO/PPC, you’re easily spending $3,000–$5,000/month with uncertain results. Even if you do it yourself, your time isn’t free—and most providers don’t have the expertise to run profitable ad campaigns.

The Klarity Advantage:

Instead of gambling on marketing channels, Klarity Health uses a pay-per-appointment model—you only pay a standard listing fee when a qualified patient books with you. No upfront ad spend, no monthly subscriptions, no wasted clicks.

What you get:

• Pre-qualified patients already matched to your specialty and availability (narcolepsy patients seeking med management, not just browsing).
• Built-in telehealth infrastructure: video platform, e-prescribing, EHR integration—no need to cobble together separate tools.
• Both insurance and cash-pay patient flow: you control your fee structure, and we handle the heavy lifting on patient acquisition.
• You control your schedule: only see as many patients as you want; scale up or down based on your capacity.

The economics: Instead of spending $3,000/month hoping to land 10 new patients, you pay only when patients actually show up. That’s guaranteed ROI vs. the uncertainty of DIY marketing. For providers starting out or scaling an existing practice, it removes the financial risk entirely.

FAQ: Narcolepsy Prescribing via Telehealth

Q: Can I diagnose narcolepsy via telehealth, or do I need a sleep study?
A: You should not diagnose narcolepsy without objective testing (polysomnography + MSLT). Best practice: require patients to have a confirmed diagnosis from a sleep specialist before initiating treatment. If they don’t have one, refer them to a local sleep lab. Misdiagnosing depression or idiopathic hypersomnia as narcolepsy and prescribing stimulants is a liability risk.

Q: What if the DEA reinstates the in-person requirement after 2025?
A: If the Ryan Haight waiver expires and new rules require an in-person exam within 30 days of starting a controlled substance, you’ll need to either: (1) see the patient in person once (if you have a brick-and-mortar practice), (2) partner with a local physician to conduct that visit, or (3) register for a special DEA telemedicine license (if that option becomes available). Stay tuned to DEA announcements and advocacy group updates (AAAP, ATA).

Q: Can I prescribe sodium oxybate (Xyrem/Xywav) via telehealth?
A: Technically yes, but it’s complicated. Sodium oxybate is Schedule III but has a REMS program—you must be enrolled as a prescriber, and the drug is only dispensed through a single central pharmacy. You can manage the prescription remotely, but initial enrollment and patient education are time-intensive. Most tele-providers stick to stimulants and modafinil; if a patient needs oxybate, coordinate with a sleep specialist.

Q: Do I need malpractice insurance that specifically covers telehealth?
A: Most malpractice policies cover telehealth as long as you’re practicing within your scope and following standard of care. Confirm with your insurer that controlled-substance prescribing is covered (it almost always is if done properly). If your policy is old, ask for a rider or update to include telehealth explicitly.

Q: What if my state’s PDMP shows the patient is getting stimulants from another provider?
A: Red flag. Before prescribing, contact the other provider (with patient consent) to coordinate care—narcolepsy patients shouldn’t be on duplicate stimulant scripts. If there’s no clear explanation, it could indicate doctor shopping (diversion risk). Document your conversation and decision. If you suspect misuse, you have the right to decline prescribing.

Q: How do I handle prior authorizations for expensive narcolepsy meds?
A: Budget time—30–60 minutes per PA is typical. Most insurers require: (1) diagnosis code and sleep study documentation, (2) proof that first-line treatments were tried (e.g., modafinil before pitolisant), (3) sometimes a letter of medical necessity. Many platforms (including Klarity) have support staff to help with PA paperwork. Alternatively, use GoodRx or manufacturer copay cards to bypass insurance for some meds if the patient pays cash.

Q: Can I treat narcolepsy patients in multiple states via telehealth?
A: Only if you’re licensed in each state where patients reside. There’s no interstate compact for physician or NP prescribing (unlike RN/LPN licensure compacts). You’ll need to apply for full licensure in each state you want to practice in—factor in application fees ($500–$1,500 per state) and renewal costs. Some states offer telemedicine-specific licenses (e.g., Arizona, Tennessee) but they usually don’t cover controlled-substance prescribing.

Next Steps: Join Klarity Health’s Narcolepsy Provider Network

If you’re a psychiatrist or PMHNP ready to expand your practice into narcolepsy care—or if you’re already treating sleep disorders and want to scale via telehealth—Klarity Health’s platform is built for you.

Why providers choose Klarity for narcolepsy prescribing:

• Compliance-first infrastructure: We stay on top of DEA and state rule changes so you don’t have to. Our e-prescribing system is EPCS-certified, and we’ll flag any state-specific restrictions before you see a patient.
• Pre-vetted patient pipeline: We match you with narcolepsy patients who’ve been screened for appropriateness (confirmed diagnosis, insurance verification, motivation for treatment). No more sifting through unqualified leads.
• Flexible schedule: See patients when it works for you—evenings, weekends, or standard business hours. Scale up to a full panel or keep it as a side practice.
• Revenue without risk: Pay-per-appointment pricing means you’re not fronting thousands in marketing spend. Every dollar you pay is tied to a patient you’ve already seen.
• Support for collaborative practice: If you’re an NP in a restricted state (Texas, Florida, PA), we can help facilitate physician partnerships to keep you compliant and productive.

The demand is real: Over 160 million Americans live in mental health professional shortage areas. Narcolepsy patients in particular often wait months for appointments with sleep specialists—or give up entirely and struggle with unmanaged symptoms. You can fill that gap, earn well doing it, and practice at the top of your license (or within your collaborative scope).

Ready to explore joining our provider network? Visit Klarity Health’s provider portal or contact our provider relations team. We’ll walk you through credentialing, onboarding, and your first narcolepsy patient consult—no marketing degree required.

Sources & Citations

All regulatory details and statistics in this guide are drawn from verified, up-to-date sources as of February 2026:

1. Axios – ‘COVID-era telehealth prescribing extended again for Adderall, other controlled substances’ (Nov 18, 2024). Reports DEA/HHS extension of Ryan Haight waiver through end of 2025. www.axios.com

2. Texas Medical Board – FAQ: ‘Who can prescribe Schedule II drugs under physician delegation?’ Confirms Texas NPs cannot prescribe Schedule II for outpatients except hospital/hospice. www.tmb.state.tx.us

3. California Board of Registered Nursing – AB 890 Implementation Page. Details 103/104 NP categories and 2026 timeline for full independence. www.rn.ca.gov

4. Florida Statutes § 464.012 – Nurse Practice Act (2021 compilation). Specifies 7-day Schedule II limit for APRNs and psychiatric nurse exemption. www.flsenate.gov

5. Rivkin Radler Law Blog – ‘New Law Allows Experienced NPs to Practice Independently in NY’ (April 13, 2022). Summarizes NY’s permanent NP independence after 3,600 hours. www.rivkinrounds.com

6. 49 Pa. Code § 21.284 – Pennsylvania Nursing Code (current through Oct 31, 2025). Outlines CRNP prescribing limits: 30-day Schedule II, 90-day Schedule III–IV. www.pacodeandbulletin.gov

7. 225 ILCS 65/65-43 – Illinois Nurse Practice Act (effective Jan 1, 2018). Defines FPA requirements: 4,000 hours + 250 CE; consultation rules for opioids/benzos (not stimulants). www.ilga.gov

8. KFF Health News (via MedicalXpress) – ‘Patients with narcolepsy face a dual nightmare of medication shortages and stigma’ (Jan 3, 2024). Reports 1-in-2,000 prevalence and ongoing Adderall shortage. medicalxpress.com

9. Axios San Antonio – ‘Texas turns to faith leaders amid mental health access crisis’ (Aug 7, 2024). Cites Texas ranking last in US for mental health access and workforce availability. www.axios.com

10. Axios Chicago – ‘Illinois bill could make mental health care more affordable by raising reimbursement rates’ (March 6, 2025). Reports private insurers pay mental health providers 22% less than other specialists. www.axios.com

11. Clinical Advisor – ‘Is Medicare’s 85% reimbursement rule fair for NPs and PAs?’ (Feb 10, 2012). Confirms Medicare pays NPs/PAs at 85% of physician fee schedule. www.clinicaladvisor.com

12. National Law Review (Foley & Lardner LLP) – ‘New Florida Law Allows Telemedicine Prescribing of Controlled Substances (With Exceptions)’ (April 7, 2022). Explains Florida SB 312: Schedule III–V allowed via telehealth, Schedule II restricted to specific exceptions. www.natlawreview.com

All sources have been verified for currency and accuracy as of February 2026. Official .gov sites and peer-reviewed publications were prioritized for legal and clinical details.

Source:

• https://www.axios.com/2024/11/18/covid-telehealth-prescribing-extended-adderall#:~:text=The%20Drug%20Enforcement%20Administration%20and,person%20doctor%27s%20visit%20for%20the
• https://natlawreview.com/article/new-florida-law-allows-telemedicine-prescribing-controlled-substances#:~:text=controlled%20substances%20via%20telemedicine%2C%20with,more%20on
• https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/ILCS/details?ActID=1312&ActName=Nurse+Practice+Act.&ChapAct=225+ILCS+65%2F&Chapter=&ChapterID=24&MajorTopic=&Print=True&SeqEnd=17850000&SeqStart=16500000#:~:text=,drugs%2C%20such%20as
• https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/ILCS/details?ActID=1312&ActName=Nurse+Practice+Act.&ChapAct=225+ILCS+65%2F&Chapter=&ChapterID=24&MajorTopic=&Print=True&SeqEnd=17850000&SeqStart=16500000#:~:text=,require%20a%20physician%20name%3B
• https://www.rivkinrounds.com/2022/04/new-law-allows-experienced-nps-to-practice-independently-in-ny/#:~:text=New%20York%E2%80%99s%202023%20state%20budget%2C,practice%20without%20a%20collaborative%20relationship
• https://www.rn.ca.gov/practice/ab890.shtml#:~:text=%2A%20103%20NP%20,focus%20of%20their%20National%20Certification
• https://www.rn.ca.gov/practice/ab890.shtml#:~:text=Please%20note%2C%20the%20law%20requires,certify%20104%20NPs%20until%202026
• https://www.tmb.state.tx.us/274-who-can-prescribe-schedule-ii-drugs-under-physician-delegation#:~:text=1.%20in%20a%20hospital%20facility,has%20elected%20to%20receive%20hospice
• https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2021/Chapter464/All#:~:text=match%20at%20L1566%20limit%20the,455
• https://www.pacodeandbulletin.gov/Display/pacode?file=%2Fsecure%2Fpacode%2Fdata%2F049%2Fchapter21%2Fs21.284.html#:~:text=,may%20not%20delegate%20prescriptive%20authority