Psychiatric NP Scope of Practice for Narcolepsy in Georgia

If you’re a psychiatrist or PMHNP managing narcolepsy, you know the clinical challenge: helping patients stay awake during the day often means prescribing controlled substances like amphetamines, modafinil, or sodium oxybate. But when you’re doing this via telehealth—which is increasingly how patients access care—you’re also navigating a maze of federal DEA rules and state-specific prescribing laws that can feel like they change every few months.

Here’s the reality: as of February 2026, you can prescribe narcolepsy medications via telehealth without an initial in-person visit, thanks to federal COVID-era flexibilities that have been extended through December 31, 2026. But those flexibilities won’t last forever, and some states have already added their own restrictions that complicate things—especially for Schedule II stimulants.

This guide breaks down what you need to know right now: federal DEA rules, how psychiatrists and PMHNPs differ in prescriptive authority (especially across Texas, Florida, California, New York, Pennsylvania, and Illinois), and what telehealth prescribing actually looks like state-by-state for narcolepsy care.

Federal DEA Rules: The Ryan Haight Act and Telehealth Extensions

The Baseline: Ryan Haight Act Requires In-Person Exams

Under normal circumstances, federal law (the Ryan Haight Online Pharmacy Act of 2008) requires that you conduct at least one in-person medical evaluation before prescribing any controlled substance via telemedicine (www.law.cornell.edu).

For narcolepsy providers, that means no starting Adderall, Ritalin, modafinil, or Xyrem via video alone—unless you meet narrow exceptions like treating a patient in a DEA-registered hospital, covering for another provider who saw the patient in person, or working within the VA/IHS system.

Pre-COVID, this essentially killed remote narcolepsy management for new patients. You’d have to arrange an in-person visit just to write that first prescription, even if everything else could be done via telehealth.

COVID Changed Everything (Temporarily)

In March 2020, the DEA waived the in-person exam requirement as a public health emergency measure. Suddenly, you could initiate controlled substance prescriptions—including Schedule II stimulants—via telehealth (video or phone) as long as the prescription was legitimate and you followed all other DEA requirements (state licensure, DEA registration, standard of care).

That waiver was supposed to end when the federal Public Health Emergency ended in May 2023. But recognizing the chaos that would create—thousands of patients losing access to care overnight—the DEA and HHS issued repeated extensions:

• Through November 2023 (first extension)
• Through December 31, 2024 (second extension) (www.dea.gov)
• Through December 31, 2026 (current extension as of January 2026) (www.hhs.gov)

Bottom line: Right now, you can prescribe narcolepsy medications via telehealth without meeting the patient in person first. That includes Schedule II stimulants (amphetamine, methylphenidate), Schedule IV wakefulness agents (modafinil, armodafinil), and Schedule III medications like sodium oxybate.

What Happens After 2026?

The DEA is working on permanent telehealth prescribing rules. Their initial 2023 proposal suggested requiring an in-person visit after an initial 30-day telemedicine prescription for Schedule II drugs—which would have severely restricted access. That proposal drew over 38,000 public comments, most opposing the restrictions (www.dea.gov).

The DEA has since backed off and is reconsidering. As of early 2025, the only finalized telemedicine rules cover very narrow cases: buprenorphine for opioid use disorder and VA-system continuity of care (www.dea.gov). For narcolepsy, you’re still operating under the temporary extension.

What this means for your practice: You have a stable window through 2026, but plan for change. The eventual rules will likely require some in-person component—maybe an initial visit, maybe periodic in-person follow-ups, maybe exceptions for established diagnoses. Stay tuned to DEA announcements and be ready to adapt your workflow.

Federal Compliance Basics (What You Must Do Right Now)

Even under the telehealth flexibilities, you still have to:

1. Hold a valid DEA registration with Schedule II authority (if prescribing stimulants)
2. Be licensed in the patient’s state (the state where the patient is physically located during the telehealth visit)
3. Check your state’s Prescription Drug Monitoring Program (PDMP) before prescribing controlled substances—this is mandated by nearly every state
4. Use electronic prescribing (e-prescribing) for controlled substances (required in most states and increasingly by DEA)
5. Document a legitimate medical purpose for the prescription—thorough history, appropriate exam (even if virtual), diagnostic justification

For narcolepsy, that means documenting excessive daytime sleepiness, ideally confirming diagnosis with sleep study results (polysomnogram + Multiple Sleep Latency Test), ruling out other causes, and justifying why a controlled medication is medically necessary.

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Psychiatrist vs PMHNP Scope of Practice for Narcolepsy

Psychiatrists: Full Authority, Straightforward (Mostly)

If you’re a psychiatrist (MD or DO), your scope is clear: you can diagnose and treat any medical condition within your competency, including narcolepsy. You don’t need special certification to prescribe stimulants or manage sleep disorders—though you should be familiar enough with diagnostic criteria to meet the standard of care.

Key advantages:

• Independent prescriptive authority in all 50 states for Schedule II–V medications
• No supervision requirements—you answer to your state medical board and DEA, not another physician
• Full telehealth prescribing rights under current federal rules (as long as you’re licensed in the patient’s state)

State-specific quirks to watch:

• Florida explicitly lists narcolepsy as a permissible indication for Schedule II stimulants in its medical practice regulations (www.flsenate.gov)—which is good, because Florida’s telehealth law otherwise prohibits prescribing Schedule II via telemedicine except for psychiatric disorders, inpatient care, hospice, or nursing homes (www.leg.state.fl.us). If you’re treating narcolepsy via telehealth in Florida, you’ll likely need at least one in-person visit to prescribe stimulants legally.

• Texas bans telehealth prescribing for chronic pain (opioids, not stimulants), but narcolepsy doesn’t fall under that ban. You can prescribe modafinil or Adderall via telehealth in Texas, but you must use live two-way video—phone-only doesn’t meet the standard (www.cchpca.org).

• New York requires an in-person exam before prescribing controlled substances unless you meet an exception—which includes following federal telehealth rules (currently the DEA waiver) (www.nixonpeabody.com). So right now you’re covered, but if the DEA waiver expires without a replacement, New York will revert to requiring in-person exams.

Practical challenge: Confirming a narcolepsy diagnosis often requires overnight sleep studies and Multiple Sleep Latency Testing—which must be done in person at a sleep lab. As a telepsychiatrist, you’ll need referral relationships with local sleep centers in your patients’ states, or you’ll be limited to managing patients with pre-existing confirmed diagnoses.

PMHNPs: It Depends Where You Practice

If you’re a Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner, your ability to manage narcolepsy—especially prescribing Schedule II stimulants—varies dramatically by state.

Full Practice Authority States (California, New York, Illinois):

In these states, experienced PMHNPs can practice independently, including prescribing Schedule II–V medications.

• California: As of January 2023, NPs with ≥4,600 hours of supervised practice can obtain full practice authority under AB 890 (rxagent.co). You need to complete pharmacology training on controlled substances and obtain a furnishing number with Schedule II authority from the California Board of Registered Nursing (rn.ca.gov). Once you have that plus your DEA registration, you can prescribe Adderall or modafinil for narcolepsy without physician oversight.

• New York: After 3,600 hours of practice, you can practice independently (as of 2022, made permanent in the 2023 state budget) (www.rivkinrounds.com). No formulary restrictions on controlled substances—you have the same prescriptive authority as a physician. You must register with New York’s I-STOP PDMP and use e-prescribing, but you can run a fully independent narcolepsy telehealth practice.

• Illinois: Full practice authority requires 4,000 hours of collaboration + 250 hours of continuing education (rxagent.co). Once you achieve FPA status, you can prescribe Schedule II stimulants independently (though Illinois requires a ‘consultation relationship’ with a physician for benzodiazepines and opioids—stimulants aren’t explicitly covered by that requirement). You’ll need an Illinois Mid-Level Practitioner Controlled Substance License plus your DEA registration.

Reduced/Restricted Practice States (Texas, Florida, Pennsylvania):

These states require physician collaboration and impose limits on Schedule II prescribing—which directly impacts narcolepsy care.

• Texas: This is the most restrictive. APRNs cannot prescribe Schedule II controlled substances in outpatient settings, period (www.tmb.state.tx.us). The only exceptions are hospital inpatients (≥24-hour stay), emergency departments, or terminally ill hospice patients—and even then, the prescription must be filled at the facility pharmacy (www.tmb.state.tx.us). If you’re a PMHNP in Texas treating narcolepsy, you can prescribe modafinil (Schedule IV) under delegation, but your supervising physician must write any prescriptions for Adderall or methylphenidate. This makes NP-led narcolepsy care in Texas logistically difficult—you essentially need an MD partner willing to co-sign stimulant prescriptions.

• Florida: APRNs can prescribe Schedule II medications, but only for 7 days per acute illness episode (www.flsenate.gov). The exception: if you’re a certified ‘psychiatric nurse’ (PMHNP with ≥2 years of psychiatric experience under a psychiatrist) prescribing for a mental health disorder (www.flsenate.gov). Narcolepsy is not a mental health disorder—it’s a neurological sleep condition. So even as a psychiatric PMHNP, you’re limited to 7-day stimulant prescriptions for narcolepsy patients. For ongoing management, you’ll need a collaborating physician to write refills, or you’ll focus on Schedule IV alternatives like modafinil.

• Pennsylvania: CRNPs must have a collaborative agreement with a physician. You can prescribe Schedule II medications if your agreement allows it, but you’re limited to a 30-day supply (the old 72-hour limit was removed in 2021) (www.pacodeandbulletin.gov). For longer-term therapy, your collaborating physician must review and approve. Schedule III–IV medications have a 90-day limit. This is more manageable than Texas or Florida, but you’re still dependent on physician oversight for narcolepsy care.

Key Takeaway for PMHNPs: If you’re in California, New York, or Illinois (and you meet the experience/training requirements for independent practice), you can build a thriving telehealth narcolepsy practice with full prescriptive authority. If you’re in Texas, Florida, or Pennsylvania, you’ll either need to focus on Schedule IV medications (modafinil/armodafinil), partner with a physician for stimulant prescriptions, or limit your practice to established patients with confirmed diagnoses who only need occasional medication adjustments.

State-by-State Telehealth Prescribing Breakdown

Here’s what you need to know about telehealth prescribing for narcolepsy in the six priority states:

California

Telehealth Rules: No state-level restriction on prescribing controlled substances via telehealth—California defers to federal DEA rules. A good-faith exam can be conducted via video (Cal. Business & Professions Code 2242).

Controlled Substance Requirements:

• Must check CURES PDMP before prescribing Schedule II–IV (first prescription and at least every 4 months thereafter)
• Electronic prescribing required
• Document clinical rationale thoroughly

PMHNP Specifics: Independent NPs (post-AB 890) can prescribe Schedule II stimulants for narcolepsy. Must have completed required pharmacology training and obtained Schedule II furnishing authority from the Board of Registered Nursing (rn.ca.gov).

Practical Reality: California is one of the best states for telehealth narcolepsy care. Large patient population, progressive telehealth laws, and expanding NP autonomy.

Texas

Telehealth Rules: Allowed for establishing patient relationship, but must use live two-way video when prescribing controlled substances (audio-only phone doesn’t meet the standard). Texas explicitly bans telehealth prescribing for chronic pain/opioids, but narcolepsy stimulants are not covered by that ban.

Controlled Substance Requirements:

• Must check Texas PMP before prescribing
• Electronic prescribing required
• Document standard of care equivalent to in-person exam

PMHNP Specifics: Texas is the worst state for NP narcolepsy care. APRNs cannot prescribe Schedule II in outpatient settings—only in hospitals, EDs, or hospice facilities (www.tmb.state.tx.us). You can prescribe modafinil (Schedule IV) under delegation, but any Adderall or Ritalin prescription must come from your supervising physician.

Practical Reality: If you’re building a telehealth platform targeting Texas, you’ll need to hire psychiatrists or MDs to handle stimulant prescriptions. PMHNPs can manage the rest of the care (diagnosis, modafinil, patient education), but physician involvement is mandatory for Schedule II drugs.

Florida

Telehealth Rules: Here’s the complication—Florida Statute 456.47 prohibits prescribing Schedule II or III controlled substances via telehealth unless you meet one of four exceptions: treating a psychiatric disorder, inpatient hospital care, hospice care, or nursing home resident (www.leg.state.fl.us).

Narcolepsy is not a psychiatric disorder—it’s a neurological sleep condition. So technically, prescribing Adderall for narcolepsy via telehealth violates Florida law, even under the federal DEA waiver.

Workarounds:

• Arrange at least one in-person visit to prescribe stimulants (complies with both state law and eventual federal requirements)
• Focus on Schedule IV medications like modafinil, which are not restricted under the telehealth ban
• If treating comorbid ADHD (common in narcolepsy patients), you could potentially prescribe stimulants under the psychiatric exception—but this requires careful documentation and clinical justification

PMHNP Specifics: Even certified psychiatric NPs are limited to 7-day Schedule II prescriptions for narcolepsy (the mental health disorder exception doesn’t apply) (www.flsenate.gov). Ongoing stimulant management requires physician involvement.

Controlled Substance Requirements:

• Must check E-FORCSE (Florida PDMP) before every controlled prescription (mandatory by law)
• Electronic prescribing required

Practical Reality: Florida is tough for purely virtual narcolepsy care. If you’re serving Florida patients, build in a hybrid model—initial in-person visit or partner with local clinics—then manage ongoing care via telehealth.

New York

Telehealth Rules: New York requires an in-person exam before prescribing controlled substances unless you meet an exception. As of May 2025, the state explicitly allows telehealth prescribing if done in accordance with federal DEA rules (www.nixonpeabody.com). Since the DEA waiver is active through 2026, you can prescribe narcolepsy medications via telehealth right now.

Other exceptions:

• Patient was recently examined in person by another provider who referred them to you
• You’re covering for a provider who saw the patient in person
• Emergency situations

Controlled Substance Requirements:

• Must check I-STOP (New York PDMP) before prescribing any controlled substance
• Electronic prescribing required
• Document clinical rationale for controlled meds

PMHNP Specifics: Independent NPs (after 3,600 hours) have full prescriptive authority with no formulary restrictions. You can manage narcolepsy independently, including prescribing Schedule II stimulants.

Practical Reality: New York is excellent for telehealth narcolepsy care—progressive laws, large underserved patient population, and full NP practice authority. Just be ready to adapt when federal rules change (likely will require some in-person component eventually).

Pennsylvania

Telehealth Rules: No specific Pennsylvania law prohibiting controlled substances via telehealth—defaults to federal requirements. State allows establishing patient relationship via telehealth. Pennsylvania law permits initial telehealth prescribing of buprenorphine for opioid use disorder with in-person follow-up within 14 days (www.cchpca.org), indicating some flexibility for controlled substances.

Controlled Substance Requirements:

• Must check Pennsylvania PDMP before prescribing
• Electronic prescribing required
• Document equivalent standard of care to in-person exam

PMHNP Specifics: CRNPs must have physician collaboration. Can prescribe Schedule II medications if the collaborative agreement allows, but limited to 30-day supply initially (the old 72-hour restriction was removed in 2021) (www.pacodeandbulletin.gov). Ongoing prescriptions require physician review. Schedule III–IV medications limited to 90-day supply.

Practical Reality: Pennsylvania is middle-of-the-road. PMHNPs can handle narcolepsy care but need physician collaboration for stimulant prescriptions. The 30-day limit isn’t overly restrictive if you have a good relationship with your collaborating physician. Focus on building strong physician partnerships if you’re practicing in PA.

Illinois

Telehealth Rules: No state prohibition on controlled substances via telehealth. Illinois Telehealth Act (2021, Public Act 102-0104) established parity and allows telehealth for all services within provider scope.

Controlled Substance Requirements:

• Must check Illinois PMP before prescribing (mandated for all controlled substances)
• Electronic prescribing required as of January 1, 2023
• Follow standard documentation requirements

PMHNP Specifics: NPs with Full Practice Authority (after 4,000 hours + 250 CE hours) can prescribe Schedule II–V independently. Must obtain Illinois Mid-Level Practitioner Controlled Substance License. Illinois requires a ‘consultation relationship’ with a physician for prescribing benzodiazepines and opioids, but stimulants are not explicitly covered by this requirement—so FPA-NPs can likely prescribe Adderall/methylphenidate independently for narcolepsy.

Practical Reality: Illinois is very friendly for experienced PMHNPs. If you meet the FPA requirements, you can practice independently with full prescriptive authority. Good market for expanding telehealth narcolepsy services, especially serving rural areas outside Chicago.

Special Considerations for Narcolepsy Prescribing

Sodium Oxybate (Xyrem/Xywav): Extra Regulatory Hurdles

Sodium oxybate is Schedule III but comes with an FDA-mandated Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) program. To prescribe it, you must:

• Enroll in the Xyrem/Xywav REMS program
• Complete required training
• Counsel patients on serious risks (respiratory depression, abuse potential)
• Only prescribe through certified pharmacies

This adds administrative overhead, but it’s manageable if narcolepsy is a significant part of your practice. Most providers focus on stimulants and modafinil first, reserving sodium oxybate for patients with cataplexy or those who don’t respond to other treatments.

Diagnosis Confirmation: The In-Person Challenge

Unlike ADHD (where diagnosis can be made via clinical interview and rating scales), narcolepsy typically requires objective testing:

• Overnight polysomnogram (PSG) to rule out sleep apnea and other sleep disorders
• Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT) to measure daytime sleepiness and detect REM sleep abnormalities

These tests must be done in person at a sleep lab. As a telehealth provider, you have a few options:

1. Only treat patients with confirmed diagnoses—they’ve already had testing done by a neurologist or sleep specialist
2. Establish referral networks—partner with sleep centers in your patients’ states to arrange testing
3. Hybrid model—see patients via telehealth for initial evaluation, refer for testing, then resume telehealth management once diagnosis is confirmed

PDMP Checks: Not Optional

Every state requires checking the Prescription Drug Monitoring Program before prescribing controlled substances (some states mandate it every time, others allow quarterly checks for stable patients). This is non-negotiable—failure to check PDMPs is one of the most common violations cited by state medical boards.

Make sure your telehealth platform or EHR integrates PDMP access, or plan time in your workflow to check manually before every prescription.

E-Prescribing Requirements

Most states now require electronic prescribing for all controlled substances (with narrow exceptions for emergencies or technical failures). Your e-prescribing system must meet DEA requirements:

• Two-factor authentication
• Identity verification
• Audit trails

If you’re joining a platform like Klarity Health, this should be built into the infrastructure. If you’re setting up your own practice, budget for a HIPAA-compliant e-prescribing system that’s DEA-approved.

Why Join a Platform Like Klarity Health for Narcolepsy Care?

Here’s the honest economics: if you’re trying to build a narcolepsy practice from scratch via DIY marketing, you’re looking at:

• $3,000–$5,000/month in marketing spend (SEO, Google Ads, directory listings) with uncertain results
• 6–12 months before SEO generates meaningful patient flow
• $200–$500+ per acquired patient when you factor in ad spend, agency fees, lead qualification, no-shows from cold leads, and failed campaigns
• Significant administrative overhead: managing PDMP checks, e-prescribing systems, state licensing in multiple states, keeping up with constantly changing telehealth regulations

Platforms like Klarity Health remove that risk entirely by handling patient acquisition for you. Instead of spending thousands upfront with no guarantee of ROI, you pay a standard fee per new patient lead—only when someone actually books an appointment.

Key advantages:

• Pre-qualified patients already matched to your specialty and availability (no wasted time screening inappropriate referrals)
• Built-in telehealth infrastructure (HIPAA-compliant video, e-prescribing, PDMP integration)
• Both insurance and cash-pay patient flow (diversify your revenue)
• No upfront marketing spend or monthly subscription fees
• You control your schedule—work as much or as little as you want
• Compliance support—platform stays current on state telehealth laws and DEA regulations

For narcolepsy specifically, where patient volume is lower than ADHD or depression (narcolepsy affects only ~1 in 2,000 people), a platform that aggregates demand across multiple states makes it feasible to maintain a specialized practice without constant marketing.

Example economics: If you see 3–4 new narcolepsy patients per week through a platform at $150–$200 per initial appointment (typical for cash-pay or good insurance reimbursement), and each patient generates 6–12 follow-up visits over the year, you’re looking at stable, predictable income without the marketing gambling.

What to Watch: Regulatory Changes on the Horizon

DEA Permanent Telemedicine Rules (Expected 2025–2026)

The current telehealth flexibilities expire December 31, 2026 unless extended again or replaced by permanent rules. Expect the final DEA regulations to include:

• Some in-person requirement—possibly initial visit, or periodic follow-ups (e.g., annual in-person exam for ongoing stimulant therapy)
• Potential 30-day supply limits on initial telemedicine prescriptions for Schedule II drugs
• Special registration pathway for qualified telemedicine providers (possibly a ‘Telemedicine Special Registration’ allowing nationwide prescribing across state lines)

The DEA received massive pushback on their 2023 proposal, so the final rules will likely be more provider-friendly—but don’t expect the current unlimited flexibility to continue indefinitely.

State Legislative Trends

Several trends to watch:

• More states granting NP full practice authority—this expands access to narcolepsy care, especially in underserved areas
• Stricter PDMP requirements—some states moving to mandatory checks before every controlled prescription (not just quarterly)
• Interstate compacts—the Interstate Medical Licensure Compact (for physicians) and APRN Compact (for NPs) are expanding, making it easier to obtain licenses in multiple states

Payer Policies

Private insurers and Medicare are increasingly scrutinizing telehealth billing for controlled substance management. Expect:

• Documentation requirements (clear justification for telehealth over in-person)
• Prior authorization for high-dose or long-term stimulant therapy
• Bundled payment models that include diagnostic testing and ongoing medication management

Final Thoughts: Plan for Change, But Seize the Current Opportunity

Right now, you have a unique window to build or expand a telehealth narcolepsy practice with federal flexibility that may not last. If you’re a psychiatrist or experienced PMHNP in a full-practice state, you can serve patients across multiple states (as long as you hold licenses in those states) without worrying about in-person exam requirements—at least through 2026.

But don’t get complacent. The regulatory landscape will change. The providers who succeed long-term will be those who:

• Stay informed on DEA and state medical board announcements
• Build hybrid care models that can adapt to in-person requirements (referral networks, partnerships with local clinics)
• Document meticulously (clinical rationale, PDMP checks, patient consent, follow-up plans)
• Focus on quality outcomes (medication efficacy, side effect management, patient satisfaction)

And if you want to avoid the marketing gamble and regulatory headaches entirely? Join a platform that handles patient acquisition, compliance infrastructure, and multi-state operations for you. You’ll spend your time doing what you trained for—helping narcolepsy patients reclaim their lives—instead of wrestling with Google Ads and state pharmacy board regulations.

Frequently Asked Questions

**Can I prescribe Adderall for narcolepsy via

Source:

• https://www.law.cornell.edu/definitions/uscode.php?defid=21-USC-1796173870-113781527&height=800&iframe=true&termoccur=999&term_src=title%3A21%3Achapter%3A13%3Asubchapter%3AI%3Apart%3AC%3Asection%3A831&width=840#:~:text=,that%20a%20prescription%20has%20been
• https://www.hhs.gov/press-room/dea-telemedicine-extension-2026.html#:~:text=announced%20a%20fourth%20temporary%20extension,while%20permanent%20rules%20are%20finalized
• https://www.dea.gov/documents/2024/2024-11/2024-11-15/dea-and-hhs-extend-telemedicine-flexibilities-through-2025#:~:text=promulgate%20a%20final%20set%20of,Medications%2C%E2%80%9D%20was%20submitted%20to%20the
• https://www.dea.gov/press-releases/2025/12/31/dea-extends-telemedicine-flexibilities-ensure-continued-access-care#:~:text=On%20January%2017%2C%202025%2C%20DEA,to%20as%20the%20%E2%80%9CTwo%20Final
• https://www.leg.state.fl.us/statutes/index.cfm?Appmode=DisplayStatute&URL=0400-0499%2F0456%2FSections%2F0456.47.html#:~:text=telehealth%20to%20provide%20health%20care,in%20Schedule%20II%20of%20s
• https://www.tmb.state.tx.us/page/facility-based-prescriptive-delegation#:~:text=at%20the%20hospital%E2%80%99s%20facility,from%20a%20qualified%20hospice%20provider
• https://www.cchpca.org/resources/state-telehealth-laws-and-reimbursement-policies-report-fall-2025/#:~:text=Texas%20regulations%20emphasize%20continuity%20of,Note
• https://www.nixonpeabody.com/insights/alerts/2025/06/18/new-york-state-finalizes-telemedicine-rule-for-controlled-substances#:~:text=match%20at%20L114%20The%20rule,and%20the%20US%20Department%20of
• https://www.nixonpeabody.com/insights/alerts/2025/06/18/new-york-state-finalizes-telemedicine-rule-for-controlled-substances#:~:text=In%20short%2C%20the%20exception%20permits,as%20a%20condition%20of%20state
• https://rxagent.co/blog/np-prescribing-authority#:~:text=Conversely%2C%20in%20Restricted%20Practice%20states,expand%20this%20scope%20%206