Psychiatric NP Scope of Practice for Narcolepsy in Illinois

If you’re a psychiatrist or PMHNP considering treating narcolepsy patients via telehealth, you’re navigating one of the more complex regulatory intersections in medicine: controlled substance prescribing, sleep disorder management, and state-by-state telehealth laws. The good news? As of 2026, federal waivers still allow remote prescribing of narcolepsy medications, including Schedule II stimulants. The challenge? Those rules are temporary, vary by state, and differ dramatically for psychiatrists versus nurse practitioners.

Here’s what you need to know to practice legally, manage risk, and actually help patients who’ve been waiting months (or years) for a narcolepsy diagnosis.

The Current Federal Landscape: DEA Telehealth Flexibilities Through 2026

Bottom line up front: You can currently prescribe controlled narcolepsy medications via telehealth without an initial in-person visit—but only because of temporary federal waivers that expire December 31, 2026.

The Ryan Haight Act Baseline

Under normal circumstances, federal law (the Ryan Haight Online Pharmacy Act of 2008) requires at least one in-person medical evaluation before prescribing any controlled substance via telemedicine. This applies to everything narcolepsy providers commonly use: methylphenidate (Schedule II), amphetamines (Schedule II), modafinil (Schedule IV), and sodium oxybate (Schedule III).

There are narrow exceptions—patients in VA/IHS systems, hospital-based care, referrals from physicians who did the in-person exam—but for most telehealth practices, these don’t apply.

COVID-Era Waivers (Still Active)

In March 2020, the DEA waived the in-person requirement during the COVID-19 public health emergency. When that emergency officially ended in May 2023, the DEA didn’t snap back to the old rules—they kept extending the flexibility while working on permanent regulations.

Current status: HHS and DEA announced a fourth extension through December 31, 2026, allowing providers to prescribe controlled substances via telehealth (audio-video or, in some cases, audio-only) without any in-person visit, as long as the prescription meets standard medical practice requirements.

This means through the end of 2026, you can:

• Conduct an initial evaluation via video
• Diagnose narcolepsy (coordinating sleep studies as needed)
• Prescribe stimulants, wake-promoting agents, or other controlled medications
• Continue care entirely remotely

What Happens After 2026?

The DEA has been working on permanent telemedicine rules since 2022. Early proposals suggested requiring an in-person visit after an initial 30-day telemedicine prescription for Schedule II drugs, or outright prohibiting remote initiation of stimulants. After receiving over 38,000 public comments (mostly negative), the DEA delayed finalizing those rules.

In January 2025, they finalized two narrow exceptions—one for buprenorphine in opioid treatment and one for VA continuity of care—but nothing yet for ADHD stimulants or narcolepsy medications. Expect the final rule sometime in 2025-2026, likely with more flexibility than initially proposed but possibly requiring:

• Initial 30-day supply limits
• Mandatory follow-up visits (in-person or video)
• Special registration for telemedicine prescribing
• Enhanced documentation of medical necessity

What this means for your practice: Plan for hybrid models now. Establish relationships with local sleep labs for diagnostic testing. Consider what happens if you need to arrange one in-person visit for ongoing patients when the waivers end.

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State-Specific Rules: Where Federal Law Meets Local Reality

Even with federal waivers, state law can impose additional restrictions. Here’s where things get complicated—and where narcolepsy specifically gets caught in the crossfire.

Florida: The Narcolepsy Telehealth Problem

Florida statute §456.47 explicitly prohibits prescribing Schedule II controlled substances via telehealth except for:

• Psychiatric disorders
• Inpatient hospital care
• Hospice patients
• Nursing home residents

Notice what’s missing? Narcolepsy.

Florida law considers narcolepsy a neurological condition, not a psychiatric disorder. This means a Florida-based provider cannot legally prescribe Adderall or methylphenidate for narcolepsy via telehealth, even under current federal waivers.

Your options in Florida:

• Prescribe modafinil or armodafinil (Schedule IV, not restricted)
• Require at least one in-person visit to start Schedule II stimulants, then manage via telehealth
• Partner with a brick-and-mortar practice for initial evaluations
• Focus on ADHD patients (where psychiatric exception applies) if you’re primarily doing ADHD/narcolepsy overlap cases

PMHNP-specific issue: Florida also limits APRNs to 7-day supplies of Schedule II medications unless the NP is a certified ‘psychiatric nurse’ treating a mental illness. Even psychiatric NPs can’t use that exemption for narcolepsy.

New York: Aligned with Federal Rules (For Now)

New York finalized regulations in May 2025 that require an in-person exam before prescribing controlled substances via telehealth—unless you’re complying with applicable federal law. Since federal law currently allows it (via DEA waiver), New York providers can prescribe narcolepsy medications remotely.

Once federal waivers expire or new DEA rules take effect, New York’s requirements automatically apply. Other exceptions exist (patient recently seen by a collaborating provider, covering for an established patient), giving you some flexibility to structure compliant care.

PMHNP advantage: New York grants full practice authority to experienced PMHNPs (3,600+ hours), meaning they can independently diagnose and treat narcolepsy, including prescribing Schedule II stimulants, without physician oversight.

Texas: Physician-Only Schedule II Prescribing

Texas doesn’t impose special telehealth restrictions for narcolepsy beyond federal law—but it has severe scope-of-practice limits for APRNs.

APRNs and PAs in Texas cannot prescribe Schedule II controlled substances in outpatient settings. Period. The only exceptions are:

• Inpatient hospital care (≥24-hour stay)
• Emergency department
• Hospice patients (medication filled at hospice pharmacy)

This means a Texas PMHNP treating narcolepsy can prescribe modafinil or armodafinil (Schedule IV), but cannot write prescriptions for Adderall or methylphenidate. That must be done by a physician.

Practical impact: Telehealth platforms operating in Texas need psychiatrists (MDs/DOs) to manage narcolepsy patients requiring stimulants, or must arrange physician co-signatures for NP-managed cases.

Texas also requires two-way audio-visual communication for any telehealth visit where controlled substances are prescribed—no phone-only visits.

California: NP Independence Changing the Game

California is transitioning to full practice authority for experienced NPs under AB 890 (implemented 2023). NPs with 4,600+ hours of supervised practice can now practice independently, including prescribing Schedule II–V medications.

Requirements:

• Complete specific pharmacology coursework on controlled substances
• Obtain a furnishing number with Schedule II authority
• Register for DEA license

Once qualified, California PMHNPs can independently manage narcolepsy cases via telehealth—diagnose, order sleep studies, prescribe stimulants, handle ongoing care. This is a major access expansion in a state with severe psychiatrist shortages.

California follows federal telehealth rules (no additional state-imposed in-person requirements) and mandates checking the CURES PDMP before prescribing and every 4 months thereafter.

Pennsylvania: Collaboration Required, But Manageable

Pennsylvania requires CRNPs to have physician collaborative agreements. For controlled substances:

• Schedule II: 30-day maximum supply (physician must be consulted for continuation)
• Schedule III–IV: 90-day maximum supply

For narcolepsy: A PMHNP can initiate treatment via telehealth (under the collaborating physician’s oversight), but ongoing Schedule II stimulant management will involve periodic physician review. In practice, this often means the collaborating physician co-signs refills or reviews charts monthly.

Pennsylvania allows telehealth establishment of the provider-patient relationship and doesn’t prohibit controlled substance prescribing remotely, deferring to federal standards.

Illinois: Full Practice Authority (With Experience)

Illinois grants full practice authority to NPs who complete 4,000 hours of collaborative practice plus 250 hours of continuing education. Once FPA is obtained, Illinois NPs can prescribe Schedule II–V independently (with a required Mid-Level Practitioner Controlled Substance License).

Caveat: Illinois law requires NPs prescribing benzodiazepines or opioids to maintain a ‘consultation relationship’ with a physician. Stimulants for narcolepsy aren’t opioids, so this doesn’t apply—FPA-NPs can prescribe them independently.

Illinois mandates e-prescribing for all controlled substances and PDMP (Illinois PMP) checks before prescribing.

Psychiatrist vs PMHNP: Practical Scope Differences

Psychiatrists (MD/DO)

Universal authority in all states to diagnose narcolepsy and prescribe necessary medications, assuming:

• Valid state medical license where patient is located
• DEA registration with appropriate schedules
• Compliance with state PDMP and e-prescribing requirements

No special certification needed to treat narcolepsy, but you should be familiar with:

• Diagnostic criteria (polysomnography, Multiple Sleep Latency Test)
• Medication management (stimulants, wake-promoting agents, sodium oxybate REMS requirements)
• Sleep study coordination

PMHNPs

Highly variable by state:

Bottom line: In full-practice states (CA, NY, IL), experienced PMHNPs have the same prescriptive authority as psychiatrists for narcolepsy. In restricted states (TX, FL), they’re significantly limited and often need physicians to handle Schedule II prescribing.

The Economics: Why Platforms Like Klarity Make Sense

Let’s talk about what it actually costs to build a narcolepsy-focused telehealth practice on your own versus joining an established platform.

DIY Marketing Reality Check

The myth: ‘I can acquire patients for $30-50 each through Google Ads and SEO.’

The reality: Acquiring a qualified psychiatric patient who actually books and shows up typically costs $200-500+ when you factor in:

• Google Ads for mental health keywords: $15-40+ per click, with conversion rates around 2-5%. You’re spending $300-800 just to get someone to submit a contact form, and many won’t book or will no-show.

• SEO investment: 6-12 months of consistent content, backlink building, and technical optimization before seeing meaningful patient flow. Budget $2,000-5,000/month if using an agency, or massive time investment if DIY.

• Directory listings: Psychology Today ($29.95/month), Zocdoc ($35-100+ per booking plus monthly subscription), TherapyDen, etc. Monthly costs add up, and you’re competing with hundreds of other providers on the same page.

• Failed campaigns: Most solo providers don’t have expertise in healthcare marketing. You’ll burn through $3,000-5,000 testing ads that don’t convert before finding what works.

• Staff time: Someone has to answer inquiries, qualify leads, schedule appointments, and handle no-shows. That’s real cost even if it’s your time.

• No-show rates: Cold leads from ads have 20-40% no-show rates. Your actual cost per seen patient is much higher than cost per booking.

Total realistic monthly marketing spend for steady patient flow: $3,000-7,000, with uncertain results for 6+ months.

The Klarity Model: Pay Only for Patients You See

Instead of gambling on marketing channels, Klarity uses a pay-per-appointment model:

• No upfront marketing spend
• No monthly subscription fees
• Standard listing fee per new patient (similar to Zocdoc’s per-booking model)
• Pre-qualified patients already matched to your specialty, availability, and insurance acceptance
• Built-in telehealth platform (no separate EHR or video costs)
• Both insurance and cash-pay patient flow
• You control your schedule—only pay when you actually see a patient

The economic case: Instead of spending $5,000/month with zero guaranteed patients, you pay a predictable per-patient fee only when someone books and shows up. That’s guaranteed ROI versus gambling on SEO or PPC.

For narcolepsy specifically—a rare condition where patients are desperate for specialists—platforms that handle patient acquisition remove the biggest barrier to building your practice.

Multi-State Licensing Strategy

Narcolepsy is rare enough (estimated 1 in 2,000 people) that you need access to a large population to build meaningful case volume. Smart providers:

• Get licensed in 3-5 states to maximize patient access
• Use the Interstate Medical Licensure Compact (IMLC) if eligible—Illinois, Texas, and Pennsylvania are members
• Focus on states with favorable telehealth/scope laws (CA, NY, IL for PMHNPs)
• Avoid or plan around restrictive states (TX and FL require workarounds)

Cost reality: Each additional state license costs $500-2,000 in fees plus ongoing maintenance, but dramatically expands your addressable patient population. Platforms like Klarity help you fill those hours across multiple states rather than paying for licenses you’re not using.

Compliance Essentials: Documentation and Risk Management

Prescribing controlled substances via telehealth, even under current waivers, requires meticulous documentation and adherence to best practices.

Required Steps (Every State)

1. Verify patient identity and location

• Photo ID verification
• Confirm physical address in a state where you’re licensed
• Document in chart

2. Conduct thorough evaluationEven via video, you need:

• Comprehensive sleep history
• Review of prior sleep studies or coordinate new testing
• Epworth Sleepiness Scale or other validated tools
• Assessment for comorbid conditions (ADHD, depression, anxiety)
• Substance use history (critical given controlled med prescribing)
• Observation of patient presentation on video

3. Check state PDMP Before every controlled substance prescription:

• California: CURES
• New York: I-STOP
• Texas: PMP
• Florida: E-FORCSE
• Pennsylvania: PA PDMP
• Illinois: Illinois PMP

4. Use electronic prescribingMost states mandate e-prescribing for controlled substances (requires two-factor authentication, DEA-compliant system).

5. Document medical necessityEspecially important for Schedule II stimulants:

• Why this medication for this patient
• What alternatives were considered
• Treatment plan and follow-up schedule
• Informed consent discussion about risks, abuse potential, side effects

6. Obtain informed consent for telehealthMany states require specific disclosures:

• How telehealth differs from in-person care
• Limitations of remote physical exam
• Emergency protocols
• Privacy/security of platform
• Patient’s right to refuse telehealth

Narcolepsy-Specific Considerations

Diagnostic confirmation: Narcolepsy diagnosis typically requires:

• Overnight polysomnography (to rule out sleep apnea)
• Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT)

These must be done in-person at a sleep lab. As a telehealth provider, you’ll need to:

• Coordinate referrals to local sleep centers
• Review and interpret results
• Document clinical correlation with test findings

Sodium oxybate (Xyrem) REMS: If prescribing sodium oxybate, you must:

• Be enrolled in the FDA REMS program
• Complete required training
• Enroll patients in the program
• Use designated specialty pharmacy

This adds administrative overhead but is non-negotiable.

Follow-up frequency: For new patients on stimulants:

• Monthly visits for first 3-6 months (minimum)
• Assess efficacy, side effects, adherence
• Screen for misuse or diversion
• Adjust dosing as needed

Frequent follow-ups aren’t just good medicine—they demonstrate appropriate monitoring if you’re ever audited.

Malpractice and Licensing Board Risk

High-risk scenarios to avoid:

• Prescribing controlled substances without adequate evaluation
• No documentation of PDMP checks
• Continuing prescriptions for patients who repeatedly no-show
• Prescribing across state lines without proper licensure
• Ignoring red flags for diversion (early refill requests, ‘lost’ medications)

Risk management best practices:

• Use a structured template for controlled substance visits
• Set clear boundaries in patient agreement (refill policies, no early refills, single prescriber)
• Have a coverage plan for when you’re unavailable
• Maintain malpractice insurance that covers telehealth and controlled substance prescribing (verify with carrier)

Preparing for Post-2026 Regulatory Changes

The DEA’s final telemedicine rules will eventually require changes to your practice. Start planning now:

1. Build hybrid care relationshipsPartner with:

• Local sleep medicine practices for referrals and in-person evaluations
• Primary care clinics willing to see your patients for physical exams
• Other psychiatrists for cross-coverage

2. Develop in-person visit workflowsEven if you’re primarily virtual:

• Could you arrange quarterly in-person visits in major metro areas?
• Can you partner with urgent care or retail clinics for physical exams?
• What about home health visits for mobility-limited patients?

3. Stay informed on rule changesMonitor:

• DEA announcements and Federal Register notices
• State medical/nursing board updates
• Professional association alerts (APA, AANP, state psych associations)
• Healthcare law firms that track telehealth regs

4. Consider ‘special registration’ if implementedThe DEA has discussed creating a special telemedicine registration for providers who want to prescribe controlled substances nationwide via telehealth. If implemented, this could:

• Allow multi-state prescribing under one registration
• Require additional training or certification
• Impose stricter documentation/monitoring requirements

Stay tuned—this could be a game-changer for telehealth-focused practices.

FAQ: Narcolepsy Telehealth Prescribing

Q: Can I diagnose narcolepsy via telehealth alone?

A: You can take a thorough sleep history and order sleep studies remotely, but confirming narcolepsy requires polysomnography and MSLT—which must be done in-person at a sleep lab. You coordinate testing, interpret results, and make the final diagnosis, but can’t skip the objective diagnostic testing.

Q: What if my state requires an in-person visit but federal waivers allow telehealth prescribing?

A: State law can be more restrictive than federal law. Florida’s ban on Schedule II telehealth prescribing for narcolepsy applies even under current DEA waivers. When state and federal law conflict, you must follow the stricter requirement (or the patient needs to be seen by an in-state provider who can comply).

Q: Can I prescribe to patients in states where I’m not licensed?

A: No. You must hold an active medical license in the state where the patient is physically located at the time of the telehealth visit. Multi-state compacts (IMLC for physicians, APRN Compact for NPs) can help streamline licensing, but you still need state-specific authorization.

Q: What happens if DEA waivers expire and my patient has been stable on stimulants for 2 years via telehealth?

A: Likely scenarios under final DEA rules:

• ‘Grandfathered’ existing patient relationships may continue via telehealth
• You may need one in-person visit to reset the relationship
• Continuity-of-care provisions might allow continued prescribing for established patients

The DEA has signaled they don’t want to disrupt existing therapeutic relationships, but exact rules remain to be seen. Have a plan to arrange in-person visits if needed.

Q: Is modafinil a better choice than Adderall for telehealth narcolepsy treatment?

A: From a regulatory standpoint, yes in restrictive states:

• Modafinil is Schedule IV (less restricted than Schedule II stimulants)
• Not subject to Florida’s telehealth ban
• APRNs in Texas can prescribe it
• Generally fewer regulatory hoops

Clinically, it depends on the patient—modafinil works well for many narcolepsy patients with excessive daytime sleepiness, but some need traditional stimulants for adequate symptom control.

Q: Do I need specialty certification to treat narcolepsy as a psychiatrist or PMHNP?

A: No legal requirement exists, but:

• You should practice within your competency
• Consider additional CME in sleep medicine
• Document your rationale if it’s outside typical psychiatric practice
• Malpractice carriers may question scope if you’re doing high volumes without relevant training

For most providers, treating narcolepsy is reasonable given overlap with psychiatric medications (stimulants, antidepressants for cataplexy), but extremely complex cases should involve sleep medicine consultation.

Q: How do I handle a patient who wants to switch from their neurologist’s in-person care to my telehealth practice?

A: Best practice:

• Obtain records from the neurologist documenting the narcolepsy diagnosis
• Confirm sleep study results are on file
• Have a conversation with the patient about what changes with telehealth (no in-person exam, need for local lab/testing access if needed)
• Establish your own baseline evaluation even if diagnosis is established
• Consider consulting with the prior provider if willing

This is often smoother than diagnosing narcolepsy de novo via telehealth.

The Bottom Line: Expanding Access While Managing Risk

Treating narcolepsy via telehealth sits at the intersection of high patient need and complex regulation. Here’s what you need to remember:

Through 2026:

• Federal waivers allow controlled substance prescribing via telehealth without in-person visits
• State laws can impose additional restrictions (Florida’s narcolepsy ban, Texas’s NP limits)
• Psychiatrists have maximum flexibility; PMHNP authority varies dramatically by state

For your practice:

• Multi-state licensing expands your patient pool (essential for rare conditions like narcolepsy)
• Platforms that handle patient acquisition remove the biggest economic risk of building a telehealth practice
• Meticulous documentation and PDMP compliance are non-negotiable
• Plan now for hybrid models once DEA rules change

For patients:

• Telehealth dramatically improves access to narcolepsy specialists
• Remote monitoring works well for medication management
• In-person diagnostic testing is still required (but can be coordinated remotely)

Narcolepsy patients have waited an average of 8-10 years for accurate diagnosis and treatment. Providers who can navigate this regulatory complexity while delivering quality care are meeting a genuine, underserved need.

If you’re ready to expand your practice into narcolepsy care via telehealth—or already treating patients and want to streamline patient acquisition and credentialing across multiple states—Klarity’s platform handles the infrastructure so you can focus on medicine.

Explore Klarity’s provider network to see how pre-qualified patients, built-in compliance tools, and multi-state credentialing support can eliminate the headaches of building a telehealth practice from scratch.

Sources and References

Federal Regulations:

1. HHS Press Release – ‘HHS & DEA Extend Telemedicine Flexibilities for Prescribing Controlled Medications Through 2026’
   U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | January 2, 2026
   www.hhs.gov/press-room/dea-telemedicine-extension-2026.html

2. DEA Press Release – ‘DEA and HHS Extend Telemedicine Flexibilities through 2025’
   Drug Enforcement Administration | November 15, 2024
   www.dea.gov/documents/2024/2024-11/2024-11-15/dea-and-hhs-extend-telemedicine-flexibilities-through-2025

3. DEA Press Release – ‘DEA Extends Telemedicine Flexibilities to Ensure Continued Access to Care’
   Drug Enforcement Administration | December 31, 2025
   www.dea.gov/press-releases/2025/12/31/dea-extends-telemedicine-flexibilities-ensure-continued-access-care

4. 21 U.S.C. §829(e) – Ryan Haight Act (In-Person Medical Evaluation Requirements)
   Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School | Current through 2023
   www.law.cornell.edu/definitions/uscode.php?def_id=21-USC-1796173870-113781527

State-Specific Regulations:

5. New York State DOH – Controlled Substances Prescribing via Telehealth Final Rule
   Nixon Peabody LLP Legal Alert | June 18, 2025
   www.nixonpeabody.com/insights/alerts/2025/06/18/new-york-state-finalizes-telemedicine-rule-for-controlled-substances

6. Florida Statutes §456.47 – Use of Telehealth to Provide Services
   Florida Legislature Online Sunshine | 2025 Statutes
   www.leg.state.fl.us/statutes/index.cfm?Appmode=DisplayStatute&URL=0400-0499/0456/Sections/0456.47.html

7. Florida Statutes §464.012 – APRN Prescribing Authority and Formulary
   Florida Senate | 2025 Chapter 464
   www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2025/Chapter464/All

8. Texas Medical Board – APRN Prescriptive Delegation FAQs
   Texas Medical Board | Updated 2025
   www.tmb.state.tx.us/page/facility-based-prescriptive-delegation

9. California Board of Registered Nursing – NP Schedule II Furnishing Requirements
   California Board of Registered Nursing | Updated 2022
   rn.ca.gov/applicants/ad-pract.shtml

10. Pennsylvania Code & Bulletin – Board of Nursing Regulatory Updates
    Pennsylvania Department of State | 2021-2022
    www.pacodeandbulletin.gov/Display/pabull?file=/secure/pabulletin/data/vol39/39-50/2276.html

11. Center for Connected Health Policy – State Telehealth Laws & Reimbursement Policies (Fall 2025)
    CCHP | September 2025
    www.cchpca.org/resources/state-telehealth-laws-and-reimbursement-policies-report-fall-2025

Professional Resources:

12. RxAgent – ‘NP Prescriptive Authority by State (2026 Guide)’
    RxAgent (Dr. Z. Shammout, PharmD) | December 28, 2025
    rxagent.co/blog/np-prescribing-authority

13. Rivkin Radler LLP – ‘New Law Allows Experienced NPs to Practice Independently in NY’
    Rivkin Rounds Law Blog | April 13, 2022
    www.rivkinrounds.com/2022/04/new-law-allows-experienced-nps-to-practice-independently-in-ny

14. Illinois Nurse Practice Act (225 ILCS 65) and Illinois Controlled Substances Act (720 ILCS 570)
    Illinois General Assembly | Amended 2017-2021
    ilga.gov/legislation/ILCS

15. New York City Dental Society – NYSDOH Adopts Controlled Substance Prescribing Amendments
    NYCDS Publications | May 21, 2025
    www.nycdentalsociety.org/news-publications/nysda-publications/2025/05/21/nysdoh-adopts-controlled-substance-prescribing-amendments

Source:

• https://www.law.cornell.edu/definitions/uscode.php?defid=21-USC-1796173870-113781527&height=800&iframe=true&termoccur=999&term_src=title%3A21%3Achapter%3A13%3Asubchapter%3AI%3Apart%3AC%3Asection%3A831&width=840#:~:text=,that%20a%20prescription%20has%20been
• https://www.hhs.gov/press-room/dea-telemedicine-extension-2026.html#:~:text=announced%20a%20fourth%20temporary%20extension,while%20permanent%20rules%20are%20finalized
• https://www.dea.gov/documents/2024/2024-11/2024-11-15/dea-and-hhs-extend-telemedicine-flexibilities-through-2025#:~:text=promulgate%20a%20final%20set%20of,Medications%2C%E2%80%9D%20was%20submitted%20to%20the
• https://www.dea.gov/press-releases/2025/12/31/dea-extends-telemedicine-flexibilities-ensure-continued-access-care#:~:text=On%20January%2017%2C%202025%2C%20DEA,to%20as%20the%20%E2%80%9CTwo%20Final
• https://www.leg.state.fl.us/statutes/index.cfm?Appmode=DisplayStatute&URL=0400-0499%2F0456%2FSections%2F0456.47.html#:~:text=telehealth%20to%20provide%20health%20care,in%20Schedule%20II%20of%20s
• https://www.tmb.state.tx.us/page/facility-based-prescriptive-delegation#:~:text=at%20the%20hospital%E2%80%99s%20facility,from%20a%20qualified%20hospice%20provider
• https://www.cchpca.org/resources/state-telehealth-laws-and-reimbursement-policies-report-fall-2025/#:~:text=Texas%20regulations%20emphasize%20continuity%20of,Note
• https://www.nixonpeabody.com/insights/alerts/2025/06/18/new-york-state-finalizes-telemedicine-rule-for-controlled-substances#:~:text=match%20at%20L114%20The%20rule,and%20the%20US%20Department%20of
• https://www.nixonpeabody.com/insights/alerts/2025/06/18/new-york-state-finalizes-telemedicine-rule-for-controlled-substances#:~:text=In%20short%2C%20the%20exception%20permits,as%20a%20condition%20of%20state
• https://rxagent.co/blog/np-prescribing-authority#:~:text=Conversely%2C%20in%20Restricted%20Practice%20states,expand%20this%20scope%20%206