Psychiatric NP Scope of Practice for Depression in California

If you’re a psychiatrist or PMHNP looking to manage depression patients via telehealth, you’re probably asking: Can I legally prescribe antidepressants and other medications remotely? What about controlled substances for co-occurring conditions? Do I need to see patients in person first?

The short answer: Yes, you can prescribe depression medications via telehealth—including controlled substances—thanks to extended federal flexibilities running through December 31, 2026. But the details matter, especially state-by-state rules and the difference between what psychiatrists and PMHNPs can do independently.

Let’s cut through the regulatory noise and give you what you actually need to know to practice compliantly and grow your telepsychiatry income.

The Federal Framework: DEA Rules Through 2026 (And What Comes Next)

Current Rules: COVID-Era Flexibilities Extended

The DEA and HHS announced a fourth temporary extension in January 2026, allowing providers to continue prescribing controlled substances (Schedule II–V) via telemedicine without an initial in-person exam through December 31, 2026. This means you can initiate treatment for a new patient with depression—including prescribing stimulants for co-occurring ADHD, benzodiazepines for anxiety, or sleep aids—entirely via video visits.

Why this matters for depression care: Most first-line antidepressants (SSRIs, SNRIs, bupropion, mirtazapine) are non-controlled, so they’ve never been subject to DEA telehealth restrictions. But many depression patients have comorbid conditions:

• Anxiety disorders that might warrant short-term benzodiazepines (Schedule IV)
• ADHD requiring stimulant augmentation (Schedule II)
• Insomnia needing controlled sleep medications (Schedule IV)
• Treatment-resistant cases where ketamine/esketamine (Schedule III) might be indicated

Under the current extension, you can manage all of these via telehealth if clinically appropriate and you follow standard prescribing protocols (documentation, informed consent, PDMP checks, etc.).

The Ryan Haight Act: What You’re Actually Exempted From

Normally, the Ryan Haight Act (21 USC §829(e)) requires at least one in-person medical evaluation before prescribing any controlled substance via telemedicine. That rule has been suspended since the COVID public health emergency and remains suspended through the current extension.

Translation: You don’t need to make patients drive 90 minutes for an in-person visit before starting them on Adderall for ADHD symptoms complicating their depression, or prescribing a short benzodiazepine taper. As long as you conduct a thorough video evaluation that meets standard of care, you’re compliant.

What’s Coming: Permanent DEA Telemedicine Rules

In January 2025, the DEA proposed new permanent rules that would formalize telehealth prescribing once the temporary extension ends. Key provisions:

Special Telemedicine Registration: Providers prescribing Schedule III–V controlled substances via telehealth would apply for a special DEA telemedicine registration. For Schedule II drugs (stimulants, certain pain meds), the DEA proposes an ‘Advanced Telemedicine Prescribing’ registration available only to specific specialists—including board-certified psychiatrists.

What this means: If these rules are finalized as proposed, psychiatrists would have explicit federal authority to prescribe Schedule II medications for psychiatric conditions via telehealth without ever seeing the patient in person. PMHNPs might face more restrictions here (the proposal doesn’t explicitly list them for Schedule II telemedicine authority), though they’d still be able to prescribe Schedule III–V remotely.

The bottom line: After 2026, you’ll likely need to obtain a special registration, but the pathway for psychiatrists to continue tele-prescribing psychiatric medications looks clear. The DEA is specifically accommodating mental health providers because they recognize the access crisis.

Action item: Monitor DEA announcements in late 2026. If you’re managing patients on Schedule II meds via telehealth, you may need to apply for the new registration to continue seamlessly.

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Psychiatrists vs PMHNPs: Who Can Do What Independently?

Your scope of practice for treating depression via telehealth depends heavily on what state your patient is in and whether you’re an MD/DO or an NP.

Psychiatrists (MD/DO): Unrestricted Scope

If you’re a psychiatrist:

• You can prescribe all medications for depression and related conditions (controlled and non-controlled) via telehealth
• You need no supervision or collaboration in any state
• Your only requirements: valid state medical license where the patient is located, DEA registration in that state, and adherence to telehealth standard of care

No state imposes special restrictions on psychiatrists’ scope for depression treatment. You’re held to the same standard as in-person care—thorough evaluation, documentation, suicide risk assessment, informed consent—but there’s no legal barrier to managing complex cases remotely.

Example: A California-licensed psychiatrist can evaluate a new patient with major depression and comorbid ADHD via video, prescribe an SSRI and Adderall on day one, and manage ongoing care entirely via telehealth. No physician collaboration needed, no in-person visit required (under current federal rules).

PMHNPs: State-Dependent Independence

If you’re a PMHNP, your independence varies dramatically by state:

Full Practice Authority States (you can practice independently, including prescribing):

• California (as of 2024, for experienced NPs who qualify as ‘104 NPs’ under AB 890)
• New York (NPs with >3,600 clinical hours—about 2 years full-time—can practice without physician oversight)
• Illinois (PMHNPs with Full Practice Authority after 4,000 hours + additional training can prescribe independently, including controlled substances)

In these states, an experienced PMHNP can join a telehealth platform, manage depression patients, prescribe SSRIs, benzodiazepines, even stimulants (if they have DEA registration)—all without a collaborating psychiatrist.

Restricted Practice States (you need physician collaboration/supervision):

• Texas (requires written Prescriptive Authority Agreement with a physician; monthly meetings to review complex cases)
• Florida (psychiatric NPs specifically excluded from autonomous practice—you must have a supervising physician and signed protocol)
• Pennsylvania (collaborative agreement with a physician required; no full practice authority yet despite legislative attempts)

In restricted states, you can still provide excellent telehealth care for depression, but you’ll need a formal collaboration arrangement with a psychiatrist. For platforms like Klarity, this means either bringing your own collaborating physician or partnering with one the platform provides.

Practical implications:

• A PMHNP in New York with 2+ years experience can run a fully independent telepsychiatry practice
• A PMHNP in Texas needs a Texas-licensed psychiatrist to sign off on their prescriptive authority agreement and be available for consultation
• A PMHNP in Florida must practice under a protocol with a supervising physician, even via telehealth

For controlled substances: Even in full-practice states, PMHNPs need their own DEA registration. Some states (like Illinois) require additional consultation with a physician for high-dose or long-term Schedule II opioid prescribing, but this rarely affects psychiatric practice since you’re not managing chronic pain.

State-by-State Telehealth Prescribing Rules: What You Need to Know

While federal DEA rules govern controlled substances, each state sets its own telehealth practice standards. Here’s what matters for depression care in key markets:

California: Wide Open for Telepsychiatry

Key rules:

• No state law requiring in-person exam before prescribing via telehealth
• Telehealth encounters (video) establish valid physician-patient relationship
• Strong insurance parity—private insurers and Medi-Cal must cover tele-mental health equivalent to in-person
• Not in Interstate Medical Licensure Compact—out-of-state psychiatrists need full CA license (can’t just register for telehealth)

For PMHNPs: AB 890 created a pathway to independent practice. As of January 2024, experienced PMHNPs (3+ years, national certification) can become ‘104 NPs’ and practice fully independently within their specialty—including managing depression, prescribing all medications, no physician oversight required.

Prescribing reality: California defers to federal rules on controlled substances. You can prescribe stimulants, benzodiazepines, etc. via telehealth if medically appropriate. Must check CURES (state PDMP) before prescribing controlled meds.

Market context: Massive demand for mental health services, especially in Inland Empire, Central Valley, and rural Northern CA. Established telehealth infrastructure in major health systems. Patients expect high-quality care—document thoroughly.

Texas: Permissive But With Pain Management Restrictions

Key rules:

• Valid patient relationship can be established via audio-visual telemedicine (SB 1107, 2017 reform)
• Phone-only generally insufficient for new patients (must use video for initial evaluation)
• Chronic pain prohibition: Cannot treat chronic pain with controlled substances via telemedicine except with very specific conditions (recent in-person or video visit within 90 days, etc.)
• Member of Interstate Medical Licensure Compact (easier for out-of-state MDs to get licensed)

Depression-specific impact: The chronic pain restriction doesn’t affect standard psychiatric practice. You can prescribe SSRIs, Adderall for ADHD, Xanax for anxiety—all via video after appropriate evaluation. Just don’t attempt to manage a patient’s chronic back pain with opioids remotely.

For PMHNPs: All APRNs must have Prescriptive Authority Agreement with a Texas physician. The physician doesn’t need to be on your video calls, but you need documented monthly meetings and they must be available for consultation. This is non-negotiable in Texas—legislature rejected NP independence bills in 2023.

Market context: 246 of Texas’s 254 counties are mental health shortage areas. Enormous patient demand, especially in rural areas and border regions. Strong Medicaid telehealth reimbursement. But compliance with NP supervision rules is strict—Texas Medical Board enforces this.

Florida: Psychiatric Exception for Schedule II Prescribing

Key rules:

• Florida Statute §456.47 allows out-of-state providers to register for telehealth practice (2-year renewable registration, no full FL license required)
• Schedule II controlled substances cannot be prescribed via telehealth EXCEPT for: psychiatric disorders, inpatient care, hospice, or nursing home patients
• Schedule III–V can be prescribed via telehealth generally

Why this is provider-friendly: Florida explicitly carved out psychiatric treatment. You can prescribe Adderall, Ritalin, Vyvanse (all Schedule II stimulants) via telehealth for ADHD or depression augmentation because these fall under ‘treatment of a psychiatric disorder.’ This is one of the most permissive state rules for telepsychiatry.

For PMHNPs: Florida’s 2020 NP autonomy law specifically excluded psychiatric NPs. You must have a supervising physician and a signed protocol filed with the Board of Nursing, even if you’re practicing via the out-of-state telehealth registration.

Prescribing compliance: Must check E-FORCSE (Florida’s PDMP) before prescribing controlled substances. Document clearly that Schedule II prescriptions are for psychiatric treatment to justify the statutory exception.

Market context: Fast-growing population, high demand for mental health services, especially in Tampa, Jacksonville, and rural Panhandle. Many telehealth companies recruit for Florida. The out-of-state registration option is a huge opportunity—but be aware of the NP supervision requirement.

New York: Progressive NP Independence, Strong Telehealth Support

Key rules:

• No in-person exam requirement for telehealth prescribing
• Valid patient relationship via telehealth (video or, for mental health, even audio-only in some cases under extended COVID policies)
• Mandatory e-prescribing for all medications (very strict—must integrate with NY PMP)
• Not in IMLC—need full NY license to treat NY patients

For PMHNPs: New York’s 2022 law made permanent the NP Modernization Act provisions. PMHNPs with >3,600 clinical hours (roughly 2 years full-time) can practice without a written collaborative agreement or physician oversight. Below that threshold, you need a formal practice agreement with a physician.

Prescribing reality: NY follows federal controlled substance rules—currently very permissive for telehealth. Strong state support for tele-mental health to reach underserved upstate regions.

Market context: Dense provider network in NYC, severe shortages upstate. Telehealth is mainstream—patients expect it. High compliance standards—document everything, ensure proper consent for minors if applicable (NY Mental Hygiene Law).

Pennsylvania: No Formal Telehealth Statute, But Practice Allowed

Key rules:

• No comprehensive state telehealth law (legislation has failed multiple times)
• State Department of State guidance: providers can deliver care via telemedicine if it meets standard of care
• Mandatory e-prescribing for controlled substances (with limited exceptions)
• Member of IMLC for physicians (easier licensing for out-of-state MDs)

For PMHNPs: No full practice authority—must have collaborative agreement with physician. Multiple legislative attempts to pass NP independence have stalled.

Prescribing reality: PA defers to federal rules on controlled substances. No state ban on tele-prescribing psychiatric medications. Must check PA PDMP and use e-prescribing.

Market context: Significant rural areas (central and western PA) with few psychiatrists. State actively encourages telepsychiatry through Medicaid reimbursement. Regulatory environment is permissive in practice, just not codified in statute—follow general medical standards and document thoroughly.

Illinois: Full Practice Authority for Experienced NPs, Strong Telehealth Parity

Key rules:

• Telehealth Expansion Act (2021) mandates insurance parity and allows telehealth from any location
• No in-person exam requirement—telehealth encounter is valid for prescribing if appropriate
• Strong patient rights protections—can’t force in-person if telehealth meets need
• IMLC member for physicians

For PMHNPs: Full Practice Authority (FPA) available after 4,000 hours of collaborative practice + additional training. With FPA, you can prescribe all medications independently, including Schedule II controlled substances (with one caveat: must have physician consultation process for long-term high-dose opioids, rarely relevant in psych practice).

Prescribing compliance: FPA APRNs need separate Illinois controlled substance license and DEA registration. Must use IL PDMP and e-prescribe controlled meds.

Market context: Most psychiatrists concentrated in Chicago/Springfield area—rural downstate Illinois is underserved. State government funds tele-mental health initiatives in community health centers. Very favorable regulatory environment for both MDs and experienced NPs.

Comparison Table: State Telehealth Rules for Depression Prescribers

The Economics: Why Telehealth Makes Financial Sense

Here’s where most provider content gets it wrong—they quote unrealistic patient acquisition costs or ignore the real economics of building a telehealth practice.

The DIY Marketing Reality Check

What it actually costs to acquire a psychiatric patient through traditional marketing:

If you’re running your own practice and trying to generate patient flow through:

• SEO: 6–12 months of consistent investment ($2,000–5,000/month for agency or consultant) before meaningful results. Most solo providers don’t have SEO expertise.
• Google Ads: Mental health keywords cost $15–40+ per click. Most clicks don’t convert. Realistic cost per booked patient: $200–400+ when you factor in ad spend, testing/optimization, and no-show rates from cold leads.
• Psychology Today/directory listings: Monthly subscription fees ($29–50/month) plus you’re competing with hundreds of other providers on the same page. Conversion rates are low—you’re one profile among many.
• Zocdoc: Charges per booking ($35–100+ per appointment) PLUS monthly subscription. Total cost per new patient adds up quickly.

Hidden costs people forget:

• Staff time to handle and qualify leads
• Failed campaigns and wasted ad spend during testing
• No-show rates from unqualified leads
• Months of carrying overhead before patient volume ramps up

Real total cost when you add everything up: $200–500+ per new psychiatric patient, assuming you have the expertise and patience to make it work. Many providers spend $3,000–5,000/month on marketing with uncertain results.

The Platform Economics Advantage

Klarity’s model: Pay-per-appointment. You pay a standard listing fee only when a pre-qualified patient books with you.

Why this is different:

• No upfront marketing spend or monthly subscription gambling
• Pre-qualified patients already matched to your specialty and availability
• No wasted ad spend on clicks that don’t convert
• Built-in telehealth infrastructure—no separate platform costs
• Both insurance and cash-pay patient flow
• You control your schedule—only pay when you actually see patients

The economic comparison: Instead of spending $3,000–5,000/month on marketing with uncertain ROI, you pay only when a qualified patient shows up. That’s guaranteed ROI versus gambling on marketing channels you may not have time to master.

For experienced providers with established practices: You might eventually build cost-effective marketing channels. But that takes 12–18 months minimum and consistent investment. For most providers—especially those starting out, scaling up, or focusing on clinical work instead of marketing—a platform that handles patient acquisition removes all that risk.

Reality: Most psychiatrists and PMHNPs didn’t go into medicine to become marketing experts. Platforms like Klarity let you focus on what you do best—treating patients—while someone else handles the patient acquisition.

Your FAQ: Common Compliance Questions Answered

Can I prescribe antidepressants via telehealth to a patient I’ve never met in person?

Yes. For non-controlled antidepressants (SSRIs, SNRIs, bupropion, mirtazapine, etc.), there’s no federal or state law requiring an in-person visit. As long as you conduct a thorough telehealth evaluation that meets standard of care (video preferred, comprehensive psychiatric history, mental status exam, suicide risk assessment, informed consent), you can prescribe.

What about controlled substances like benzodiazepines or stimulants for anxiety/ADHD comorbid with depression?

Yes, through December 31, 2026 under the current DEA extension. You can prescribe Schedule II–V controlled substances via telehealth without an initial in-person exam. After 2026, you’ll likely need to obtain a special DEA telemedicine registration, but the proposed rules are designed to accommodate psychiatrists.

State exceptions to watch:

• Florida: Schedule II only allowed for psychiatric disorders (you’re covered)
• Texas: Can’t manage chronic pain via telehealth with controlled meds (doesn’t affect psych practice)

Do I need to use video, or can I do phone-only visits?

Federal law: Currently doesn’t specify video vs. audio-only for prescribing under the COVID-era extension.

State law varies:

• Most states allow video to establish a patient relationship for prescribing
• Some states (New York, Illinois) explicitly allowed audio-only for mental health during COVID and extended these policies
• Texas explicitly says video is required for new patients; phone alone insufficient
• Best practice: Use video for initial evaluations when possible to meet state standards and document appropriate care. Follow-ups can often be audio-only if the patient prefers and it’s clinically appropriate.

What if I’m licensed in one state but want to treat patients in another via telehealth?

You must be licensed in the state where the patient is located. Telehealth doesn’t change this—if you’re treating a patient sitting in Florida, you need a Florida medical license (or Florida telehealth registration if you’re an MD/DO and qualify).

Ways to practice across state lines:

• Interstate Medical Licensure Compact (IMLC): Expedited licensing for physicians in member states (TX, PA, IL are members; CA, NY, FL are not)
• State-specific telehealth registrations: Florida offers this for out-of-state physicians
• Multi-state licenses for NPs: Some states participate in APRN compacts, but it’s not fully operational yet

Reality: Most successful telehealth psychiatrists either:

1. Get licensed in 2–3 high-demand states (CA, TX, FL, NY are common)
2. Join platforms that handle credentialing and match them with patients in states where they’re already licensed

As a PMHNP, how do I know if I need a collaborating physician?

Check your state’s nurse practice act. States fall into three categories:

Full Practice Authority (no collaboration needed after meeting requirements):

• California (experienced NPs as of 2024)
• New York (>3,600 hours experience)
• Illinois (FPA after 4,000 hours + additional training)
• Plus about 20 other states not covered in this guide

Restricted Practice (collaboration required):

• Texas (Prescriptive Authority Agreement with physician)
• Florida (supervising physician and protocol required)
• Pennsylvania (collaborative agreement required)

Reduced Practice (some limitations):

• Various other states with intermediate requirements

If you’re in a restricted state and joining a platform: You’ll need to either bring a collaborating physician or work with one the platform provides. Make sure the collaboration arrangement is properly documented and filed with your state board.

What documentation do I need to maintain for telehealth prescribing?

Same as in-person, plus:

• Informed consent for telehealth: Document patient agreed to telehealth, understands limitations, knows how to reach you for emergencies
• Patient location: Record where patient was physically located during visit (determines which state’s laws apply)
• Technology used: Note video vs. audio, platform name, any technical issues
• Emergency plan: How patient will access emergency services if needed
• PDMP checks: Required before prescribing controlled substances in most states—document that you checked
• Standard psychiatric documentation: Chief complaint, history, mental status exam, diagnosis, treatment plan, rationale for medication choices, risks/benefits discussed

For controlled substances specifically: Many states require documenting why a controlled substance is medically necessary, any alternative treatments considered, discussion of addiction risks, treatment agreements for long-term prescribing.

What happens after December 31, 2026 when the DEA extension expires?

Most likely scenario: The DEA will finalize its proposed special telemedicine registration rules before the extension expires. Psychiatrists would then apply for the ‘Advanced Telemedicine Prescribing’ registration to continue prescribing Schedule II medications remotely, and the general special registration for Schedule III–V.

Worst case scenario: If the rules aren’t finalized, the DEA could extend again (they’ve done it four times already) or Congress could pass legislation to make the flexibilities permanent.

What you should do: Monitor DEA announcements in late 2026. If you’re actively prescribing Schedule II medications via telehealth, be prepared to apply for the new registration when it becomes available. The DEA has indicated they want to avoid disrupting care, so there will likely be a grace period.

For non-controlled medications: Nothing changes. You’ll always be able to prescribe SSRIs, SNRIs, and other non-controlled depression medications via telehealth as long as you meet standard of care.

Making the Move: Joining a Telehealth Platform vs. Going Solo

The Solo Practice Reality

What it takes to build a successful solo telehealth practice:

• Marketing expertise or budget to hire it ($3,000–5,000/month ongoing)
• Patience for 6–12 months of inconsistent patient flow while building referral base
• Telehealth platform subscription ($50–300/month depending on features)
• EHR system with telehealth capabilities ($200–500/month)
• Billing infrastructure or service (if taking insurance)
• Malpractice insurance that covers telehealth (premiums often higher)
• Business license, NPI, CAQH enrollment, credentialing with insurers if applicable
• Time for administrative tasks (scheduling, billing, marketing, compliance)

Who this works for:

• Established psychiatrists with existing referral networks willing to see them via video
• Providers who enjoy the business side and have time to invest in marketing
• Those with 12–18 months of runway to build before expecting consistent income
• Providers in high-demand specialties (child psych, addiction medicine) where word-of-mouth referrals are strong

The Platform Model

What a good platform provides:

• Pre-qualified patient flow matched to your specialty and availability
• Built-in telehealth technology (no separate platform subscription)
• Credentialing support for insurance panels if offering insurance-based care
• Billing and payment processing (cash-pay or insurance handled)
• Compliance infrastructure (HIPAA-compliant platform, documentation templates, consent forms)
• Marketing entirely handled—you don’t think about patient acquisition

What you give up:

• Per-appointment fee instead of keeping 100% of your revenue
• Less control over pricing, scheduling templates, patient selection (though most platforms give you control over your schedule)
• Platform policies you need to follow (cancellation policies, documentation standards, etc.)

Who this works for:

• Providers starting out in telepsychiatry who want immediate patient flow
• Experienced providers looking to add telehealth revenue without building marketing infrastructure
• Psychiatrists and PMHNPs who want to focus on clinical work, not running a business
• Anyone who values predictable ROI over potentially higher but uncertain solo practice revenue

The Hybrid Approach

Many successful providers do both:

• Join a platform for consistent base income and immediate patient access
• Build a solo practice on the side for long-term higher margins
• Use platform patients to fund the runway while building independent marketing

This spreads risk and lets you test telehealth without going all-in on either model.

Ready to Start Treating Depression Patients Via Telehealth?

The regulatory landscape for telepsychiatry has never been more favorable. Federal flexibilities for controlled substance prescribing are extended through 2026, states are expanding NP independence and telehealth parity, and patient demand for remote mental health care is at an all-time high.

If you’re a psychiatrist: You have unrestricted scope to manage depression and comorbid conditions via telehealth in all 50 states (just ensure you’re licensed where your patients are located). The DEA’s proposed rules suggest permanent accommodations for psychiatric prescribing are coming.

If you’re a PMHNP: Check your state’s scope of practice rules. In full-practice states (CA, NY, IL), you can operate independently. In restricted states (TX, FL, PA), you’ll need a collaborative arrangement—but you can still build a thriving telehealth practice within those parameters.

The economics are clear: Platforms that handle patient acquisition remove the financial risk and time investment of DIY marketing. Instead of gambling $3,000–5,000/month on ads and SEO with uncertain results, you pay only when you see qualified patients. That’s how you scale a telehealth practice without burning out on the business side.

Next steps:

1. Verify your state licenses cover telehealth in your target markets
2. Ensure your DEA registration is active in each state you’ll practice
3. Review your malpractice insurance to confirm telehealth coverage
4. Choose your practice model—platform, solo, or hybrid
5. Set up compliant documentation systems for telehealth encounters

If you’re ready to join a platform that handles patient acquisition, credentialing, and technology while you focus on clinical care, explore Klarity Health’s provider network. We connect psychiatrists and PMHNPs with pre-qualified patients in your licensed states, provide built-in telehealth infrastructure, and handle the marketing so you can focus on what you do best—treating patients.

Sources & Citations

1. HHS Press Release – ‘HHS & DEA Extend Telemedicine Flexibilities for Prescribing Controlled Medications Through 2026,’ January 2, 2026. www.hhs.gov

2. DEA Press Release – ‘DEA Announces Three New Telemedicine Rules to Continue Open Access to Care While Establishing Patient Protections,’ January 16, 2025. www.dea.gov

3. Florida Statutes §456.47 – ‘Use of Telehealth to Provide Services,’ Florida Legislature. www.leg.state.fl.us

4. Texas Administrative Code Title 22, Part 9 §174.5 – ‘Telemedicine Issuance of Prescriptions,’ Texas Medical Board, updated January 15, 2025. txrules.elaws.us

5. California Board of Registered Nursing – ‘AB 890 Implementation: Nurse Practitioner Practice,’ updated January 2023. www.rn.ca.gov

Source:

• https://www.hhs.gov/press-room/dea-telemedicine-extension-2026.html#:~:text=announced%20a%20fourth%20temporary%20extension,disruptions%20in%20care%20while%20permanent
• https://www.dea.gov/press-releases/2025/01/16/dea-announces-three-new-telemedicine-rules-continue-open-access#:~:text=registration%20is%20available%20to%20medical,V%20medications
• https://www.dea.gov/press-releases/2025/01/16/dea-announces-three-new-telemedicine-rules-continue-open-access#:~:text=These%20rules%20are%20a%20result,temporary%20rule%20until%20December%202025
• https://www.dea.gov/press-releases/2025/01/16/dea-announces-three-new-telemedicine-rules-continue-open-access#:~:text=is%20accessible%20for%20medical%20care,is%20being%20prescribed%20controlled%20medication
• https://www.rn.ca.gov/practice/ab890.shtml#:~:text=%2A%20103%20NP%20,focus%20of%20their%20National%20Certification
• https://www.rivkinrounds.com/2022/04/new-law-allows-experienced-nps-to-practice-independently-in-ny/#:~:text=New%20York%20law%20previously%20allowed,based%20on%20only
• https://txrules.elaws.us/rule/title22chapter174sec.174.5#:~:text=,person%20setting
• https://txrules.elaws.us/rule/title22chapter174sec.174.5#:~:text=,be
• https://www.leg.state.fl.us/statutes/index.cfm?Appmode=DisplayStatute&URL=0400-0499%2F0456%2FSections%2F0456.47.html#:~:text=telehealth%20to%20provide%20health%20care,in%20Schedule%20II%20of%20s
• https://txrules.elaws.us/rule/title22chapter174sec.174.5#:~:text=,through%20a%20telemedicine%20medical%20service