PMHNP Scope of Practice for Insomnia in Georgia

If you’re a psychiatrist or PMHNP treating insomnia, you’ve probably wondered: Can I legally prescribe Ambien, benzos, or other controlled sleep medications through a video visit?

The short answer in 2026: Yes — but it depends on where your patient is located and your provider type.

The longer answer involves navigating a patchwork of federal DEA rules, state telehealth laws, and scope-of-practice regulations that can make or break your ability to treat insomnia patients remotely. This guide cuts through the confusion with what you actually need to know to prescribe insomnia medications via telehealth legally and build a sustainable practice.

The Federal Picture: DEA Telehealth Rules for Controlled Substances

Most effective insomnia medications — zolpidem (Ambien), eszopiclone (Lunesta), temazepam, and other benzodiazepines — are Schedule IV controlled substances. Before COVID-19, the Ryan Haight Act made it illegal to prescribe any controlled substance via telehealth without at least one in-person exam.

That changed in March 2020 when the DEA suspended the in-person requirement during the public health emergency. As of early 2026, those flexibilities remain in effect through December 31, 2026 under the DEA’s Fourth Extension. This means:

• You can prescribe Schedule II–V controlled substances (including insomnia meds) via telehealth to new patients you’ve never seen in person
• The patient encounter must be conducted via live audio-video (phone-only is allowed only for certain addiction treatments like buprenorphine)
• You must hold a valid DEA registration and be practicing within applicable state laws
• Standard prescribing rules still apply: legitimate medical purpose, proper evaluation, documentation

What’s coming: The DEA has proposed a permanent framework featuring a Special Registration for Telemedicine. Under this system, any DEA-registered practitioner could apply to prescribe Schedule III–V medications via telehealth indefinitely. For Schedule II substances, only certain specialists (including psychiatrists) would qualify for an Advanced Telemedicine Registration. These rules aren’t finalized yet, but providers should expect new requirements before the temporary flexibility expires at the end of 2026.

Bottom line for insomnia prescribers: You’re clear to prescribe Schedule IV sleep medications through telehealth under federal law right now. Just stay alert for the DEA’s final rule, which will likely require a special registration and possibly mandate PDMP checks through a national system.

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Psychiatrist vs. PMHNP: Who Can Prescribe What?

Psychiatrists (MD/DO)

You have the simplest path. As a physician, you can:

• Diagnose and treat insomnia in all 50 states (it’s squarely within psychiatry’s scope)
• Prescribe any insomnia medication — controlled or not — without supervision
• Practice telehealth and prescribe via video visits as long as you’re licensed in the patient’s state
• Use telemedicine for both initial evaluations and ongoing management

No state restricts psychiatrists from treating insomnia via telehealth. Your only obligations are maintaining state medical licenses where your patients are located, holding a DEA registration, following state-specific PDMP requirements, and meeting the standard of care (thorough sleep history, ruling out medical causes, documenting your clinical rationale).

Psychiatric Nurse Practitioners (PMHNPs)

Your prescribing authority depends heavily on which state your patient is in. Here’s the breakdown:

Full Practice Authority States (New York, Illinois, California for experienced NPs):

• After meeting experience requirements (typically 3,600–4,000 hours), you can evaluate, diagnose, and prescribe insomnia medications independently
• No physician collaboration needed
• You can open your own telehealth insomnia practice

Reduced Practice States (Pennsylvania, early-career New York NPs):

• You need a written collaborative agreement with a physician
• The agreement must authorize controlled substance prescribing
• The physician doesn’t co-sign individual prescriptions but provides oversight and chart review
• You can manage patients directly via telehealth, but your collaborating MD is technically responsible

Restricted Practice States (Texas, Florida):

• You must have direct physician supervision or delegation
• Texas requires a Prescriptive Authority Agreement and forbids NPs from prescribing Schedule II controlled substances in outpatient settings (not relevant for most insomnia meds, which are Schedule IV)
• Florida requires psychiatric NPs to work under a supervising physician’s protocol; autonomous practice is allowed only for certain primary care APRNs, not PMHNPs (though legislation to change this has been proposed)

Key point: In all cases, you’ll need a DEA registration and often a separate state controlled substance license. Make sure your collaborative agreement (if required) explicitly covers Schedule IV medications.

State-by-State Telehealth Prescribing Rules That Actually Matter

Every state has its own quirks. Here’s what affects insomnia prescribing in the six states where Klarity operates:

California

The setup: Full physician autonomy. Experienced NPs (after 3 years in a group) can practice independently as of 2023.

Prescribing rules: No state-level ban on telehealth prescribing of Schedule IV insomnia meds. California does discourage prescribing Schedule II controlled substances via telehealth without an in-person exam, but that rarely affects insomnia care.

PDMP: You must check the CURES database before the first controlled substance prescription and at least every four months during ongoing treatment.

E-prescribing: Mandatory for all controlled substances (with narrow exceptions).

Market reality: Huge demand, especially in rural areas. Telehealth parity laws mean Medi-Cal and private insurance cover tele-psychiatry at the same rate as in-person. Spanish-speaking providers are in particularly high demand.

Texas

The setup: Restricted NP practice (physician delegation required). Physicians can use the Interstate Medical Licensure Compact for faster licensing.

Prescribing rules: Texas prohibits telehealth prescribing of controlled substances for chronic pain management — but this doesn’t apply to insomnia. You can legally prescribe Schedule IV sleep medications via telehealth for insomnia. NPs cannot prescribe Schedule II controlled substances in outpatient settings under any circumstances.

PDMP: Mandatory check before prescribing opioids, benzodiazepines, barbiturates, or carisoprodol. As of 2021, this expanded to all Schedule III–V drugs, so you must check before prescribing zolpidem or any benzodiazepine sleep aid.

E-prescribing: Required for all controlled substances since 2021.

Market reality: Large population with significant rural provider shortages. Telehealth is embraced post-2017 reforms, but NPs face regulatory hurdles — most work under supervising psychiatrists.

Florida

The setup: Florida offers a unique out-of-state telehealth provider registration, allowing you to treat Florida patients without full state licensure. PMHNPs still require physician supervision (autonomous practice is only for certain primary care NPs).

Prescribing rules: Here’s the critical part — Florida prohibits telehealth prescribing of controlled substances except for:

1. Treatment of a psychiatric disorder
2. Inpatient hospital care
3. Hospice care
4. Nursing home residents

Insomnia qualifies as a psychiatric disorder (it’s in the DSM-5), so you can prescribe Schedule IV sleep medications via telehealth if you frame it as psychiatric treatment. Document the psychiatric nature of the insomnia diagnosis clearly.

PDMP: Required check (E-FORCSE system) before every controlled substance prescription to patients age 16+.

Market reality: Large elderly population with high insomnia rates. The telehealth registration pathway makes Florida relatively accessible for out-of-state providers. Just be meticulous about documenting the psychiatric/mental health context of your insomnia treatment.

New York

The setup: Full practice authority for NPs after 3,600 hours of collaborative practice (permanent as of 2022). Not part of Interstate Medical Licensure Compact, so out-of-state physicians must go through full NY licensure.

Prescribing rules: No state-specific restrictions on telehealth controlled substance prescribing beyond federal requirements. New York embraces tele-mental health.

PDMP: You must check the I-STOP PDMP before every prescription of Schedule II, III, or IV controlled substances (not just the first one — every single prescription).

E-prescribing: Required for all medications with very limited exceptions.

Market reality: High demand in NYC and suburbs, significant shortages upstate. Telehealth parity laws are strong. The 2022 law making NP independence permanent means more PMHNPs can run solo insomnia practices.

Pennsylvania

The setup: Physicians can use the Interstate Medical Licensure Compact. NPs need a collaborative agreement with a physician (no independent practice).

Prescribing rules: No additional state telehealth barriers beyond federal law. Standard of care must be met via video consultation.

PDMP: Required check before the first prescription of any opioid or benzodiazepine, then every subsequent refill or prescription of those drugs. This means if you prescribe temazepam (a benzodiazepine) for insomnia, you must check the PDMP every time you write a new script or refill.

Market reality: Mix of urban centers and rural areas with provider shortages. No comprehensive state telehealth law yet, but boards have endorsed telemedicine as legitimate practice. NPs need physician collaboration, which can be a scaling barrier.

Illinois

The setup: Full Practice Authority for APRNs after 4,000 hours of experience and additional training. Illinois is in the Interstate Medical Licensure Compact for physicians.

Prescribing rules: No in-person exam requirement before telehealth prescribing. Illinois law doesn’t impose unique restrictions on controlled substance prescribing via telehealth.

PDMP: Mandatory for opioids before starting treatment; strongly encouraged (and good practice) for benzodiazepines and other Schedule IV drugs.

E-prescribing: Mandated for controlled substances.

Market reality: Progressive telehealth and NP laws. Chicago has high demand; downstate areas face provider shortages. Telehealth parity protections are permanent. Many PMHNPs now practice independently, increasing access to insomnia care.

The Economics of Patient Acquisition: Why Telehealth Platforms Make Sense

Let’s talk about the business reality of building an insomnia practice.

The DIY marketing myth: You might think you can build a patient base through SEO, Google Ads, or directory listings for ‘$30-50 per patient.’ That’s not realistic. Here’s the actual math:

• SEO takes 6-12 months of consistent investment ($2,000-5,000/month for agencies, content, technical work) before generating meaningful patient flow
• Google Ads for mental health keywords cost $15-40+ per click, and most clicks don’t convert to booked patients. Factor in ad spend testing, landing page optimization, and no-shows, and your cost per booked patient is typically $200-400+
• Psychology Today, Zocdoc and similar directories charge monthly fees ($30-200) AND you compete with hundreds of other providers. Zocdoc charges per booking ($35-100), but the real monthly cost adds up when you include the subscription
• Total reality: Most solo providers spend $3,000-5,000+ per month on marketing with uncertain results, and it takes months before seeing ROI

When you factor in agency fees, staff time to qualify leads, failed campaigns, and opportunity cost, the true cost to acquire a qualified psychiatric patient through DIY marketing is $200-500+ per patient — and that’s after you’ve already invested thousands to figure out what works.

The platform alternative: Klarity Health uses a pay-per-appointment model. You don’t pay monthly subscriptions or gamble on ad spend. Instead:

• You pay a standard listing fee per new patient lead (only when they book)
• Patients are pre-qualified and matched to your specialty and availability
• No upfront marketing spend — no wasted budget on clicks that don’t convert
• Built-in telehealth infrastructure (you don’t need to pay for a separate platform)
• Both insurance and cash-pay patient flow
• You control your schedule and only pay when you see patients

The business case: Instead of spending $3,000-5,000/month with uncertain returns, you get guaranteed ROI — you only pay when a patient actually books with you. For providers starting out or scaling up, this removes the financial risk entirely and lets you focus on clinical care, not marketing campaigns.

DIY marketing can eventually be cost-effective if you have the budget, expertise, and patience — but most providers don’t. A platform that handles patient acquisition lets you build volume predictably while you focus on what you’re actually good at: treating insomnia.

What the Standard of Care Actually Requires

Telehealth doesn’t mean lower standards. Whether you’re prescribing via video or in-person, regulators expect:

Initial evaluation should include:

• Comprehensive sleep history (onset, duration, pattern, severity)
• Screen for medical causes (sleep apnea, restless legs, chronic pain)
• Psychiatric evaluation (depression, anxiety, substance use)
• Review of current medications and prior treatments
• Discussion of non-pharmacologic options (CBT-I, sleep hygiene)

Documentation requirements:

• Clear working diagnosis (e.g., ‘Insomnia Disorder, Chronic’)
• Clinical rationale for medication choice
• Informed consent discussion (dependency risk, side effects, alternatives)
• PDMP check results (required in most states before controlled substance prescribing)
• Treatment plan with follow-up schedule

Prescribing best practices:

• Start with lowest effective dose
• Prescribe for shortest appropriate duration (many insomnia medications are intended for short-term use)
• Schedule regular follow-ups (most states expect ongoing monitoring for controlled substances)
• Re-evaluate periodically and consider tapering or trying non-controlled alternatives
• Don’t prescribe to yourself or immediate family members (ethical violation in most states)

Red flags regulators watch for:

• High doses without documented rationale
• Long-term benzodiazepine prescribing without attempting alternatives
• Lack of PDMP checks when required
• Inadequate patient evaluation or documentation
• Prescribing outside your scope or without proper licensure

If you follow standard clinical protocols and document thoroughly, you’re protected even if a patient outcome is poor. State medical boards discipline providers for negligence or recklessness, not for honest clinical judgment.

Practical Compliance Checklist for Insomnia Telehealth

Before you start treating insomnia patients via telehealth:

Licensing & Registration:

• [ ] Hold active medical/nursing license in every state where patients are located
• [ ] DEA registration current and includes Schedule IV authority
• [ ] State controlled substance license/registration if required (California, Texas, Illinois, Pennsylvania all have separate state CS licenses)
• [ ] Applied for any state-specific telehealth registrations (e.g., Florida out-of-state telehealth provider registration)

For NPs/PMHNPs:

• [ ] Collaborative agreement or practice agreement on file (if required in your state)
• [ ] Supervising physician has explicitly authorized controlled substance prescribing in agreement
• [ ] Met any experience requirements for independent practice if applicable (3,600 hours in NY, 4,000 in IL, 3+ years in CA)

Prescribing Infrastructure:

• [ ] Access to state PDMP system in each state you practice (create account, complete training if required)
• [ ] EPCS (Electronic Prescribing of Controlled Substances) system in place and compliant with state requirements
• [ ] Written policy for PDMP checks (e.g., check before each new controlled prescription)
• [ ] System for documenting informed consent discussions about controlled medications

Documentation & Compliance:

• [ ] Telehealth consent form compliant with state requirements
• [ ] Template for insomnia evaluation covering all standard-of-care elements
• [ ] Process for providing emergency contact information to patients
• [ ] System for scheduling appropriate follow-ups (e.g., 30-day check-in for new controlled substances)
• [ ] Professional liability insurance that covers telehealth practice

State-Specific (check based on where patients are located):

• [ ] California: CURES PDMP check before first Rx and every 4 months
• [ ] Texas: PDMP check before prescribing any benzo or Schedule III–V drug
• [ ] Florida: E-FORCSE check before every controlled Rx; document psychiatric nature of insomnia diagnosis
• [ ] New York: I-STOP check before every controlled substance prescription
• [ ] Pennsylvania: PDMP check before first opioid/benzo Rx and every refill
• [ ] Illinois: PMP check encouraged for all controlled substances

Where the Regulatory Landscape Is Heading

By end of 2026: Expect the DEA to publish final rules on permanent telehealth prescribing of controlled substances. The proposed framework includes:

• Special Registration for Telemedicine to prescribe Schedule III–V drugs via telehealth without in-person exams
• Advanced Telemedicine Registration for certain specialists (including psychiatrists) to prescribe Schedule II remotely
• Possible requirement for national PDMP integration
• Likely annual or periodic audit requirements for telehealth prescribers

State trends to watch:

• More states moving toward full practice authority for experienced NPs (Pennsylvania, North Carolina, and others have bills pending)
• Increased PDMP integration requirements (some states moving toward real-time checking before dispensing)
• Possible expansion of Florida’s psychiatric APRN autonomy (legislation proposed in 2025)
• Federal legislation on interstate telehealth licensure (various proposals in Congress, though none passed yet)

What this means for you: If you’re building a telehealth insomnia practice, plan for:

• Likely need to obtain DEA Special Registration (probably low barrier, but will involve application and fee)
• Continuing requirement to be licensed in each state where patients are located (interstate compacts may help but won’t eliminate this entirely)
• Possible increased documentation requirements around PDMP checks
• No major pullback on telehealth prescribing for psychiatric conditions — regulators recognize the access benefits

The regulatory direction is toward permanence and standardization, not restriction. The DEA and states learned during COVID that telehealth works for mental health care, including medication management. The question isn’t whether you can prescribe insomnia medications via telehealth — it’s how to do it compliantly as rules solidify.

The Bottom Line for Providers

If you’re a psychiatrist: You have the clearest path. Get licensed in the states where you want to treat patients, maintain your DEA registration, follow PDMP requirements, and prescribe according to the standard of care. Insomnia treatment via telehealth is well within your scope everywhere.

If you’re a PMHNP: Your path depends on state rules. In full practice authority states (or once you meet experience requirements), you can operate independently. In restricted states, you’ll need a collaborative agreement, but you can still see patients and prescribe. The administrative burden is higher, but the clinical work is the same.

If you’re building a practice from scratch: The economics favor joining a platform like Klarity over DIY marketing. You avoid the $3,000-5,000/month marketing gamble, get pre-qualified patient flow, and only pay when you actually see patients. That guaranteed ROI lets you scale predictably without the risk of burning cash on ads that don’t convert.

If you’re already established: Telehealth expands your reach beyond your local market without requiring a physical office in each state. With proper licensing and PDMP compliance, you can treat insomnia patients across multiple states, dramatically increasing your potential patient volume.

The regulations are complex, but they’re manageable. And the opportunity is real: millions of Americans struggle with insomnia, psychiatrists and PMHNPs are in short supply, and telehealth has proven its value. With the right setup, prescribing insomnia medications via telehealth is not only legal — it’s a sustainable, scalable way to build a practice that genuinely helps patients who need it.

Ready to Treat Insomnia Patients Without the Marketing Headache?

Klarity Health connects psychiatrists and PMHNPs with patients who need insomnia treatment — no upfront marketing spend, no monthly subscriptions, and no wasted ad budget. You control your schedule, we handle patient acquisition, and you only pay when someone books with you.

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Frequently Asked Questions

Can I prescribe Ambien or other controlled insomnia medications through telehealth right now?

Yes, under current DEA rules (extended through December 31, 2026), you can prescribe Schedule IV insomnia medications like zolpidem, eszopiclone, and benzodiazepines via live video consultation without requiring an in-person exam first. You must be licensed in the patient’s state, hold a DEA registration, and comply with state-specific PDMP and prescribing requirements.

Do I need a special DEA registration to prescribe via telehealth?

Not currently. Your existing DEA registration covers telehealth prescribing under the temporary federal rules. However, the DEA has proposed a permanent ‘Special Registration for Telemedicine’ that will likely be required once the temporary rules expire (expected before 2027).

What’s the difference between psychiatrist and PMHNP prescribing authority for insomnia?

Psychiatrists (MD/DO) have full independent prescribing authority in all states. PMHNPs’ authority varies by state: in full practice states like New York (after 3,600 hours) and Illinois (after 4,000 hours), you can prescribe independently. In restricted states like Texas and Florida, you need a physician collaborative agreement or supervision.

Which states allow NPs to prescribe insomnia medications independently?

Experienced NPs have independent prescribing authority in: Illinois (after 4,000 hours + FPA application), New York (after 3,600 hours of collaborative practice), and California (after 3+ years in a group setting, then as a Category 104 NP). Pennsylvania, Texas, and Florida currently require physician collaboration or supervision for NP prescribing.

Do I have to check the state PDMP before every insomnia medication prescription?

It depends on the state. New York requires PDMP checks before every Schedule II–IV prescription (including refills). Pennsylvania requires checks before every opioid or benzodiazepine prescription. California requires checks before the first prescription and every 4 months during ongoing treatment. Texas requires checks before prescribing any benzodiazepine or Schedule III–V drug. Always check your state’s specific requirements.

Can I prescribe insomnia medications to patients in Florida via telehealth?

Yes, but you must frame it correctly. Florida law prohibits telehealth prescribing of controlled substances except for treatment of psychiatric disorders (among other narrow exceptions). Insomnia qualifies as a psychiatric disorder under DSM-5. Document clearly that you’re treating insomnia as a mental health condition, check the E-FORCSE PDMP before every prescription, and ensure you’re either Florida-licensed or registered as an out-of-state telehealth provider.

What happens when the DEA temporary telehealth rules expire?

The current extension runs through December 31, 2026. Before then, the DEA is expected to finalize permanent rules that will likely include a Special Registration requirement for telehealth prescribing of Schedule III–V drugs. Psychiatrists may qualify for an Advanced Registration to prescribe Schedule II substances via telehealth. The regulatory direction is toward making telehealth prescribing permanent with clear guardrails, not eliminating it.

How much does it actually cost to acquire insomnia patients through DIY marketing?

Realistically, $200-500+ per qualified patient when you account for all costs. SEO takes 6-12 months and $2,000-5,000/month before generating results. Google Ads for mental health keywords run $15-40+ per click, and most clicks don’t convert. Directory listings charge monthly fees plus per-booking charges. Factor in failed campaigns, staff time to qualify leads, and no-shows, and total patient acquisition costs are far higher than many providers expect.

What documentation do I need for prescribing controlled insomnia medications?

Your chart should include: comprehensive sleep history and evaluation, documentation of PDMP check, informed consent discussion about the medication (including dependency risk), clinical rationale for choosing a controlled substance, and a follow-up plan. State medical boards expect the same standard of care via telehealth as in-person — thorough evaluation and clear documentation protect you if a prescription is ever questioned.

Can I prescribe benzodiazepines long-term for chronic insomnia via telehealth?

Clinically, long-term benzodiazepines for insomnia are generally not recommended (tolerance, dependency risk, cognitive effects). Regulators watch for this pattern. If you’re prescribing them long-term, document why alternatives haven’t worked, informed consent about risks, and periodic attempts to taper or switch to non-controlled options. Legally, there’s no specific prohibition on long-term prescribing via telehealth, but you need to meet the standard of care and be prepared to justify your clinical decisions.

References and Sources

The following sources were used to compile the regulatory information in this article:

1. U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) – ‘DEA Extends Telemedicine Flexibilities to Ensure Continued Access to Care’ (December 31, 2025). Official federal announcement of the Fourth Temporary Extension of telehealth prescribing rules through December 31, 2026. https://www.dea.gov/press-releases/2025/12/31/dea-extends-telemedicine-flexibilities-ensure-continued-access-care

2. U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) – ‘DEA Announces Three New Telemedicine Rules to Continue Open Access’ (January 16, 2025). Official announcement of proposed permanent telehealth regulations including Special Registration pathways for telemedicine prescribing. https://www.dea.gov/press-releases/2025/01/16/dea-announces-three-new-telemedicine-rules-continue-open-access

3. Healthcare Finance News – ‘Telehealth prescribing of controlled drugs extended through 2025’ by Susan Morse (November 18, 2024). Industry reporting on DEA extensions and Ryan Haight Act context. https://www.healthcarefinancenews.com/news/telehealth-prescribing-controlled-drugs-extended-through-2025

4. DLA Piper LLP – ‘DEA and HHS Issue Third Temporary Extension of Telemedicine Flexibilities’ (November 2024). Legal analysis of DEA temporary rules and upcoming permanent framework. https://www.dlapiper.com/en-th/insights/publications/2024/11/dea-and-hhs-issue-third-temporary-extension-of-telemedicine-flexibilities

5. Florida Statutes §456.47 – Use of Telehealth to Provide Services (2019, 2024 edition). Official state law defining telehealth practice requirements and controlled substance prescribing exceptions in Florida. https://www.leg.state.fl.us/statutes/index.cfm?Appmode=DisplayStatute&URL=0400-0499/0456/Sections/0456.47.html

6. Florida Statutes §464.012 – Nurse Practice Act, APRN Prescribing (2016, 2024 edition). State statute specifying APRN scope of practice, Schedule II day-supply limits, and psychiatric nurse exceptions. https://www.flsenate.gov/laws/statutes/2024/464.012

7. Texas Board of Nursing – APRN Practice Frequently Asked Questions (Current, accessed 2026). Official state regulatory guidance on NP scope, prescriptive authority, and telehealth restrictions including chronic pain prohibition. https://www.bon.texas.gov/faqpracticeaprn.asp.html

8. New York State Education Department, Office of the Professions – Practice Requirements for Nurse Practitioners (Updated 2022). Official guidance on NY NP collaboration requirements, 3,600-hour independence threshold, and scope of practice. https://www.op.nysed.gov/professions/nurse-practitioners/professional-practice/practice-requirements

9. Pennsylvania Department of Health – Prescription Drug Monitoring Program Q&A (Act 191 of 2014, implemented 2016). State guidance on PDMP query requirements for opioids and benzodiazepines. https://www.pa.gov/agencies/health/healthcare-and-public-health-professionals/pdmp/qa.html

10. Illinois Department of Financial and Professional Regulation – Nursing Licensure Information (FPA implemented 2018, accessed 2026). State licensing authority guidance on APRN Full Practice Authority requirements and controlled substance prescribing. https://idfpr.illinois.gov/profs/nursing.html

11. California Board of Registered Nursing – AB 890 Nurse Practitioner Practice (Implemented 2023). Official state guidance on NP independent practice categories (103 and 104 NP) under California’s 2020 legislation. https://rn.ca.gov/practice/ab890.shtml

12. California Office of the Attorney General – Controlled Substance Utilization Review and Evaluation System (CURES) (PDMP program information). State PDMP requirements and query mandates under California law. https://oag.ca.gov/cures-pdmp

13. Pennsylvania General Assembly – Act 191 of 2014 (Achieving Better Care by Monitoring All Prescriptions Program Act). State statute establishing PDMP and prescriber query requirements. https://www.legis.state.pa.us/WU01/LI/LI/US/HTM/2014/0/0191..HTM

Source:

• https://www.dea.gov/press-releases/2025/12/31/dea-extends-telemedicine-flexibilities-ensure-continued-access-care#:~:text=WASHINGTON%20%E2%80%93%C2%A0The%20U,flexibilities%20through%20December%2031%2C%202026
• https://www.dea.gov/press-releases/2025/12/31/dea-extends-telemedicine-flexibilities-ensure-continued-access-care#:~:text=Under%20these%20telemedicine%20flexibilities%2C%20DEA,applicable%20federal%20and%20state%20law
• https://www.healthcarefinancenews.com/news/telehealth-prescribing-controlled-drugs-extended-through-2025#:~:text=During%20the%20COVID,person%20evaluation%20of%20that%20patient
• https://www.dlapiper.com/en-th/insights/publications/2024/11/dea-and-hhs-issue-third-temporary-extension-of-telemedicine-flexibilities#:~:text=Further%2C%20as%20the%20Third%20Temporary,monitor%20this%20space%20for%20updates
• https://www.dea.gov/press-releases/2025/01/16/dea-announces-three-new-telemedicine-rules-continue-open-access#:~:text=ever%20having%20an%20in,specialized%20medical%20providers%20to%20issue
• https://www.op.nysed.gov/professions/nurse-practitioners/professional-practice/practice-requirements#:~:text=New%20York%20State%20Education%20Law,to%20practice%20under%20physician%20supervision
• https://idfpr.illinois.gov/profs/nursing.html#:~:text=,APN%20Controlled%20Substance
• https://www.op.nysed.gov/professions/nurse-practitioners/professional-practice/practice-requirements#:~:text=Nurse%20practitioners%2C%20however%2C%20must%20practice,or%20certified%20NP%20as%20follows
• https://www.flsenate.gov/laws/statutes/2024/464.012#:~:text=also%20are%20psychiatric%20nurses%20as,455
• https://www.leg.state.fl.us/statutes/index.cfm?Appmode=DisplayStatute&URL=0400-0499%2F0456%2FSections%2F0456.47.html#:~:text=provider%20may%20not%20use%20telehealth,in%20Schedule%20II%20of%20s