Object Permanence and ADHD — What It Is and How to Manage It

Medically Reviewed by Dr. Geralyn Dexter

What is Object Permanence?

Object permanence is the understanding that objects and people still exist even when out of sight. It’s a key milestone in childhood development, typically achieved between 8 to 12 months of age. Recent studies suggest it can develop as early as 4 months.

For infants, this skill explains why peek-a-boo is fun; they recognize that hidden people or objects still exist. In adults, it underpins emotional and relational stability, helping us maintain connections despite physical absence.

Do People with ADHD Lack Object Permanence?

There is a common myth that individuals with ADHD lack object permanence. However, this is inaccurate. People with ADHD do develop this cognitive skill normally. The confusion arises because ADHD often involves memory issues and distractibility, which can mimic difficulties with object permanence.

ADHD-related forgetfulness is due to attention deficits and neural network activity, not a true lack of understanding that objects or people exist when out of sight.

How Does ADHD Affect Object Permanence in Adults?

In adults, symptoms like inattention and distractibility can make it seem like objects or people are "out of mind." This is because ADHD affects executive functions, particularly working memory and focus, leading to forgetfulness about tasks or relationships.

What Factors Influence Object Permanence in ADHD?

Brain differences in regions such as the prefrontal cortex and neural network activity contribute to executive dysfunction in ADHD. These factors impair the brain’s ability to store and retrieve relevant information, causing forgetfulness that resembles issues with object permanence.

How Does “Object Permanence” Affect People with ADHD?

While not a true deficiency, ADHD symptoms can cause difficulties in remembering tasks, following through, and maintaining emotional connections. This can impact relationships, work, and daily routines, leading to frustration and misunderstandings.

Strategies to Manage Forgetfulness and Attention Challenges

• Use visual cues like notes, labels, and designated storage to keep important items visible.
• Set reminders for tasks, appointments, and routines using alarms, phone apps, or timers.
• Enlist support from family or roommates to help remember or check on important tasks.
• Practice self-compassion; recognize that forgetfulness is a symptom, not a personal failure.
• Communicate openly with loved ones about your challenges to foster understanding and support.
• Seek professional ADHD treatment, including medication and therapy, to improve focus and memory.

Get Affordable, Caring ADHD Treatment

On Klarity Health, connect with experienced ADHD providers who understand your needs. Appointments are typically available within 24 hours, with free initial consultations with select providers.

Providers can assist with medication management, therapy, and developing personalized strategies. Prescriptions may require in-person evaluation depending on regulations.

Important Disclaimers

This content is for educational purposes only and is not medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional for diagnosis and treatment. If experiencing a psychiatric emergency, seek immediate help from emergency services or call 988.

Additional Resources & FAQs

For personalized support, find an ADHD provider on Klarity Health. Treatment options include medication, therapy, and practical strategies to improve focus and memory.